Prosperity in the Hills: Unraveling Economic Dynamics among the Jad Tribe of Himachal Pradesh, India

Authors

  • Bindia Chandel
  • Aman Sharma

Keywords:

Economic Development, Jad Tribe, Settled Agriculture, Tribal Communities

Abstract

Development strives to improve various facets of human life, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual growth. This research examines the economic transition of the Jad tribe from nomadic trading to settled agriculture, exploring the socio-economic transformations and underlying driving forces behind these changes in North-western Himalayan region of India. A sample of 300 respondents from the Hangrang valley (comprising eight villages) in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh has been purposively selected. The study examines land ownership, occupation, irrigation practices, livestock management, and income levels to understand the socio-economic changes in border communities. While livestock rearing is crucial, challenges like small landholdings, limited job opportunities, and traditional irrigation methods persist. Interventions such as modern agricultural tools, better irrigation, and vocational training can promote sustainable growth and empower these communities.

References

1. Desai, A. R. (1969). Tribes in Transition. In Rural Sociology in India (pp. 46–61). Popular Prakashan.

2. Duary, N. (2010). Education in Tribal India: A Study of West Bengal. Mittal Publications.

3. Ghurye, G. S. (1963). The Scheduled Tribes (3rd ed.). Popular Prakashan.

4. Government of India. (2011). Primary Census Abstract, 2011. https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators

5. Grabowski, R., & Shields, M. P. (1996). Development Economics. Blackwell.

6. Gupta, S. D., & Basu, R. S. (Eds.). (2012). Narratives from the Margins: Aspects of Adivasi History in India. Primus Books.

7. Haksar, N. (2011). ABC of Naga Culture & Civilization: A Resource Book. Chicken Neck.

8. Jain, P. C. (1999). Planned Development Among Tribals: A Comparative Study of Bhils and Minas. Rawat Publications.

9. Joshi, V., & Upadhyaya, C. (Eds.). (2017). Tribal Situation in India (2nd ed.). Rawat Publications.

10. Minhas, P. (1998). Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities. Indus Publishing.

11. Mohanty, R. P., & Biswal, D. N. (2009). Elementary Education in Tribal India: Education Vs. Welfare Department Schools. Mittal Publications.

12. Negi, T. S. (1976). Scheduled Tribes of Himachal Pradesh: A Profile (Issue Scheduled Tribes of Himachal Pradesh: A Profile). Raj Printers.

13. Panchani, C. S. (1994). The Himalayan Tribes. Konark Publishers.

14. Parmar, H. S. (1992). Tribal Development in Himachal Pradesh: Policy, Programmes, and Performance (1st ed.). Mittal Publications.

15. Parmar, H. S. (2011). Tribal Land and People of Himachal Pradesh: A Developmental Perspective. International Journal of Rural Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 18(1).

16. Patel, S. A. (2011). Status of Adivasis/Indigenous People Land Series-1: Gujarat. Aakar Books.

17. Patel, V. (2014). Marginalisation of Minorities. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(9), 33–35.

18. Paul, S. K. (2005). Tribal Agriculture and Modernization. Daya Books.

19. Pradhan, S. K. (2011). Problems of Tribal Education in India. Kurukshetra, 59(7), 26–31.

20. Rao, M. S. (2010). Agricultural Patterns of Tribals. Associated Publishers.

21. Rathor, S. (2007). Tribal Welfare Through Panchayats: The Experience of PESA in Orissa (RGICS Paper No. 55). Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies.

22. Regan, S. (2014). Unlocking the Wealth of Indian Nations: Overcoming Obstacles to Tribal Energy Development (PERC Policy Perspective No. 1). Property and Environment Research Center.

23. Sahoo, K. (2005). Rural Development: Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes. Classical Publishing Company.

24. Sengupta, M. (2013). Shifting Cultivation and the Reang Tribe in Tripura. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(40), 59–65.

25. Shangpliang, R. M. (2010). Forest in the Life of the Khasis. Concept Publishing Company.

26. Sharma, K. C. (1994). Poverty, Unemployment and Inequalities in Tribal India: With Special Reference to Himachal Pradesh. Reliance Publishing House.

27. Sharma, K. L. (2001). Reconceptualising Caste, Class, and Tribe. Rawat Publications.

28. Shroff, J. (2013). Laws Preventing Land Alienation by Scheduled Tribes and Castes. Concept Publishing Company.

29. Shukla, K. S. (Ed.). (1987). The Other Side of Development: Social-Psychological Implications. SAGE Publications.

30. Thakur, D. (1986). Socio-economic Development of Tribes in India. Deep & Deep Publications.

31. Weiner, M. (Ed.). (1966). Modernization: The Dynamics of Growth (3rd ed.). Basic Books.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-06