Overweight and obesity in West Bengal: A Serious Public Health Issue

  • Bhanumati Sarkar Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9410-9311
  • Sudipta Kumar Ghorai Department of Zoology, Egra SSB College, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3478-3632
  • Sandip Kumar Jana Department of Zoology, Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal
  • Dipayan Dasgupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering, B. P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-8559
  • Chandan Kumar Acharya Department of Botany, Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Kismat Bajkul, West Bengal
  • Nasrin Nahar Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-8246
  • Souparna Ghosh Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-7172
  • Nithar Ranjan Madhu Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-5048
Keywords: Health problem, Nutritional status, Overweight, West Bengal

Abstract

The amount and distribution of fat and overweight in the human body are critical when determining the risk for different illnesses. Different disorders have a close connection to abnormal fat distribution and overweight. Obesity develops when a person's weight is out of proportion to their body fat. As a result, obesity rates have lately risen in both West Bengal and India. Overeating, a sedentary lifestyle, and a lack of physical exercise are the most evident causes of obesity and overweight. Excess fat and overweight are produced as a consequence, putting people of West Bengal at greater risk for health problems. The study's goals are to understand better and record the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the West Bengal's population

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alberti, K. G. M., Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., Zimmet, P. Z., Cleeman, J. I. and Donato, K. A. (2009). Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome: A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation. International Atherosclerosis Society and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 120(16):1640–1645.

Algur, K., Gawari, A. and Mohan, K. (2017). Demographic inequality among the tribal and non-tribal community in Nasik district of Maharashtra State. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 13: 10-17.

Baik, I., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. and Spiegelman, D. (2000). Adiposity and mortality in men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 152: 264–271.

Basak, S. (2019). The Relationship between Core Muscle Stability and Balance in Yoga. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 19: 49-52.

Basak, S. and Biswas, K. (2016). A study of selective physiological parameters in physical training college students. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 3: 1-6.

Basak, S. and Dutta, S. (2016). A comparative study of physical fitness parameters between General college students and Training college students. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 4: 26-30.

Basak, S. and Hansda, K. (2016). Relationship of State anxiety and trait anxiety between Physical education students and general degree college students. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 5: 15-18.

Bateman, L. A., Slentz, C. A., Willis, LH., Shields, A. T., Piner, L. W., Bales, C. W., Houmard, J. A. and Kraus, W. E. (2011). Comparison of aerobic versus resistance exercise training effects on metabolic syndrome (from the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention Through Defined Exercise - STRRIDE-AT/RT). Am J Cardiol. 108(6): 838-844.

Bechara, R. G. and Kelly, Á. M. (2013). Exercise improves object recognition memory and induces BDNF expression and cell proliferation in cognitively enriched rats. Behav Brain Res. 245: 96-100.

Bhadra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Kaushik Bose, K. (2005). Overweight and Obesity Among Adult Bengalee Hindu Women of Kolkata, India. Human Ecology. 13 (Spl. Issue): 77-83.

Bhadra, M., Baul, S., Mahapatra, B. and Mukhopadhyay, A. (2017). Evaluation of health and nutritional status of adolescent Muslim of North Dum Dum,West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 11: 66-72.

Bhadra, M., Mitra, M., Baul, S. and Mukhopadhyay, A. (2018). Assessment of undernutrition among Santal children of Bolpur-Sriniketan block of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 15: 9-15.

Bhadra, M., Paul, P., Das, T. and Mukhopadhyay, A. (2018). Physical growth pattern and nutritional status among adolescent Bhumij boys of Khatra Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 16: 1-6.

Bouchard, C. (2010). Defining the genetic architecture of the predisposition to obesity: a challenging but not insurmountable task. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91: 5-6.

Carey, V. J., Walters, E. E., Colditz, G. A., Solomon, C. G. and Willett, W. C. (1997). Body fat distribution and risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. The Nurses' Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 145: 614–619.

Chakraborty, D. and Ghosh, P. N. (2019). Impact of backwardness on health-case study Pakhiralaya village, Gosaba Block, Sundarban, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 20: 28-39.

Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J. and Willett, W. C. (1994). Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 17: 961–969.

Choquet, H. and Meyre, D. (2011). Genetics of obesity: what have we learned? Curr. Genomics. 12: 169-179.

Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M. and Dietz, W. H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 320(7244): 1240.

Das, P., Khatun, A., Bhadra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bose, K. (2016). Anthropometric characteristics of adult Bengalee slum dwellers of Midnapore town, Paschim Medinipore, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 8: 1-8.

Das, P., Khatun, A., Mukhopadhyay, A., Bhadra, M. and Bose, K. (2016). Nutritional status of adult Bengalee slum dwellers of Midnapore town, Paschim Medinipore, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 8: 23-28.

De, O. M, Onyango, A. W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C. and Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 85(9): 660–667.

Devi, U., Mahanta, B. , Borah, P. K., Das, J. K., Barman, N., Rabha, J., Borah, A. and Mahanta, J. (2017). Menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in rural areas of Dibrugarh: an exploration into the need for health promotion activity. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 13: 1-9.

Hruby, A. and Hu, F. B. (2015). The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. Pharmacoeconomics. 33(7): 673–689.

Hu, F. B. (2007). Obesity and Mortality: Watch Your Waist, Not Just Your Weight. Arch Intern Med. 167(9): 875.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) (1989). Growth and physical development of Indian infants and children. (Technical Report Series No. 18). Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.

Khatun, A., Bhadra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bose, K. (2016). Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status of Muslim adolescents of Deganga, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 4: 34-39.

Khatun, A., Bhadra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bose, K. (2016). Nutritional status and effect of physical activity on anthropmetric characteristics of Bengalee Muslim adolescents boys of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 5: 8-14.

Kopelman, P. G. (2000). Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 404: 635-643.

Kuczmarski, R. .J, Ogden, C. L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Guo, S. S. and Wei, R. (2000). CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 8(314): 1–27.

Madhu, N. R. and Sarkar, S. (2016). Present status of dietary fat and obesity. Review article. UGC-Sponsored National Seminar on Food security and sustainable nutrition in India: The present scenario. Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore. pp. 120-124. (ISBN: 978-93-5268-180-8).

Maiti, M. (2017). Low birth weight is associated with maternal nutrition of Indian women. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 12: 24-30.

Mandal, S. (2016). The nutritional health factors of Cashewnut (Anacardium occident ale, L.). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 7: 18-20.

Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C. and Rosner, B. (1990). A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 322:882–889.

Mistri, A. (2016). Nutritional status and haemoglobin level among adult Bengalee women in a sub-urban area in West Bengal. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 8: 81-91.

Mitra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bhadra, M. (2017). Sex variations in anthropometric variables of Santal children of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 10: 30-36.

National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (1998). Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults. [Internet] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Bethesda, MD: Oct, 1998. Obesity Education Initiative: Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary.

Pramanik, B. (2018). A comparative study on the knowledge, attitude and risk perception regarding complications of type-2 diabetes mellitus between male and female diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in selected hospital of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 15: 16-27.

Rexrode, K. M., Hennekens, C. H., Willett, W. C., Colditz, G. A. and Stampfer, M. J. (1997). A prospective study of body mass index, weight change, and risk of stroke in women. JAMA. 277: 1539–1545.

Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A. and Spiegelman, D. (1995). Body size and fat distribution as predictors of coronary heart disease among middle-aged and older US men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 141:1117–1127.

Roberts, S. B. and Mayer, J. (2020). Holiday wait gain: Fact or Fiction. Nutrition Reviews. 58: 378-379.

Roy, C. S., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bhadra, M. (2016). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bengalee urban adult men of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 4: 45-50.

Roy, C.S., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bhadra, M. (2016). Age variations in obesity, adiposity and central body fat distribution among Bengalee urban adult male of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 5: 74-83.

Sarkar, S. (2016). Livelihood Strategies of Street children using the urban space: A case study at Sealdah station area, Kolkata. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 7: 44-52.

Sinha, R. and Kapoor, A. K. (2010). Cultural practices and nutritional status among premenopausal women of urban setup in India. Open Anthropol. J. 3: 168-171.

Stunkard, A. J. and Wadden, T. A. (1995). Obesity: Theory and Therapy. 2nd Edn. Raven Press, New York (1993). Thomas, C. S. and Krishnaswami, S.: Distribution of Body Mass Index in Indian patients with coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J. 47: 134-137.

WHO (World Health Organization). (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization; Geneva. p. 253.

Visscher, T. L. S. and Seidell, J. C. (2001). The Public Health Impact of Obesity. Annual Review of Public Health. 22: 355-375.

Walker, S. P., Rimm, E. B., Ascherio, A., Kawachi, I., Stampher, M. J. and Willet, W. C. (1996). Body size and fat distribution as predictors of stroke among US men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 144:1143–1150.

World Health Organization (WHO). (1995). Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Technical Report Series No. 854. World Health Organization, Geneva.

WHO. (2006). Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor 1992 Suppl. 2006 Apr, 450:76–85.

WHO (World Health Organization). (2013). Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet N°311. Washington DC: World Health Organization, (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs311/en, accessed on 3 December 2013).

Published
2021-11-06
How to Cite
Sarkar, B., Ghorai, S., Jana, S., Dasgupta, D., Acharya, C., Nahar, N., Ghosh, S., & Madhu, N. (2021). Overweight and obesity in West Bengal: A Serious Public Health Issue. VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 7(4), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2021.07.04.002
Section
Articles