IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON FRUIT CROPS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Abstract
Climate is the long-term average weather. Climate change is a change of climate over comparable period of time that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere. The global mean temperature of the earth’s surface has increased by about 0.74°C over last hundred years. According to IPCC report it has been projected that; there is a probability of 10–40 % loss in crop production in India by 2080-2100 due to global warming. Himalayan ecosystem is predominantly sensitive to climate change. Himachal being a Himalayan state is nevertheless playing a major role in sustaining livelihood of many people. In Himachal Pradesh, evidences of global warming could be clearly deciphered by changes like receding snowfall, retreating glaciers and shifting of temperate fruit belt upward (upto 30km), adversely affecting productivity of many temperate crops, shifting and shortening of rabi season, forward and disrupted rainfall pattern. Twenty years ago snowfall was regular phenomenon in hills of Himachal Pradesh but in the last 20 years, only 2-3 instances of snowfall have been recorded. The incidence of pest and diseases with varying fruit crops (papaya, mango or apple) has been observed. It has been recorded that the average maximum temperature rose by 0.58oC from the year of 1963 to 2007, whereas, the average minimum temperature rose by 2.75°C. So, possible measures should be taken to adapt and mitigate with the changing climate of the state.
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