Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN NIGERIA, LOCATION & CAPACITY, PERFORMANCE AND PRESENT STATUS (PART A)

Tekena Kashmony Bala — 2024-05-14

This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance, and Present Status (Part A)" focuses on five major thermal power plants in Nigeria. Noticeably, electric power is a significant challenge for the industrial growth of a developing country. Rural areas often lack access to generated power. The major plants discussed include Egbin Thermal Power Plant (Lagos State), Alaoji Thermal Power Plant (Abia State), Afam Thermal Power Plant (Rivers State), Ughelli Delta Thermal Power Plant (Delta State), and Olorunsogo Power Plant (Ogun State), all located in the south-west part of Nigeria near gas pipelines. The article aims to extract data and information from various sources herein to provide insights into the generation capacity, location, and performance of these power plants. Ownership varies, with some power plants government-owned and others operating as public-private partnerships under NIPP, etc. The generation capacity may differ due to ongoing efforts to increase capacity as the case may be. Thus, the overview of these major thermal power plants in Nigeria is presented in tables, detailing installation year, commission, and current generation capacity. Subsequently, Part B will present other major thermal power plants in Nigeria, covering their status, ownership, and operational capacity.

APPLICATION OF HYBRID APPROACH FOR WOLAITA LANGUAGE PART OF SPEECH TAGGING

Birhanesh Fikre Shirko — 2024-05-14

The main purpose of this study is to develop part-of-speech tagger for Wolaita Language using hybrid approach. Part of speech tagger is one of the subtasks in NLP application which is important for other Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, like parser, machine translator, speech recognizer and search engines. PoST is a process of tagging a corresponding part of speech tag for a word that tag defines how the word is used in a sentence. The PoST for Wolaita language is not enough yet to be used as one vital module in other natural language processing applications. In this study, the development of PoS tagger using hybrid approach that combines HMM and rule based approaches was conducted for Wolaita language. In general HMM model need large data to increase the performance and the rule based model learner rule based on the language features. The HMM tagger, tags the words based on the optimal path for a given sequence of words and transformation based learning (TBL) is a rule based approaches that learns rule directly from the training corpus without expert knowledge. The developed hybrid approach of Wolaita language PoS tagger uses HMM tagger as initial annotators and rule based tagger as a corrector based on fixed threshold values. For implementation and experiment purpose the researcher used python programming and NLTK. For training and testing the models, 1256 sentences or 15,268 words are collected from three different categories (Bible, Social media in Wolaita language (Wogetta FM 96.6 ) and Wolaita language department) and annotated data manually. For tagging purpose 26 PoS tag are identified. From entire corpus, 90% for training and the remaining of entire corpus for testing purpose. The performance of the taggers, are tested by using different experiments. After experiment the researcher found that the performance of HMM, rule based and hybrid taggers shows 88.14%, 93.19% and 94.82% respectively. Generally, hybrid approach showed the better performance to assigning part of speech tag for Wolaita language.

PROPAGATION IMPAIRMENTS IN 6G COMMUNICATION DUE TO NON-LINE OF SIGHT EFFECTS

Sharmini Enoch — 2024-05-14

The emerging sixth-generation (6G) mobile network provides a higher spectrum to users. It uses frequencies between 7 GHz and 3 THz. In such frequencies the effects of propagation impairments on the signal are significant. The present work is focused on analyzing the effects of the environmental factors lying in the line of Sight (NLOS) path between the transmitter and the receiver. At frequencies above 7 GHz, the link operates under dense urban areas having high-rise buildings, rural areas or mountainous terrain having tall trees, etc. Hence in an NLOS link, the effects of shadowing, vegetation, and multipath fading are significant. A system undergoes multipath propagation when multiple reflections of the transmitting signal arrive at the receiver at different times. The empirical models are used for this analysis, to estimate the losses due to diffraction, vegetation, and shadowing. This study is useful in the design of a 6G system taking into consideration the signal impairments.

Formulation of a Robust Closed-Circuit Television Design For Owerri Municipality

Fred Nwaozor — 2024-05-14

ABSTRACT

In this research study, a thorough field survey was conducted to ascertain the actual outlook of Owerri Municipality. The road-map of the city in question, which served as an aid towards preparing the survey, was obtained from the Works Department of the Owerri Municipal Council Headquarters. The survey was carried out using the Google cloud-based survey software. The outcome of the field work was holistically analyzed and evaluated using the Google cloud-based Spreadsheet. The required engineering design for installation of a Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) in the area was eventually realized.

Keywords: Owerri Municipality, CCTV, Road map, Design, Google, Software.

STEGANOHIDE: AN INFORMATION HIDING SYSTEM USING STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

Shobhit Sharma — 2024-05-14

Steganography, a subset of data hiding techniques, seeks to conceal sensitive information within any form of digital media. The goal of a steganography
plan at the sender's end is to incorporate a secret message into an innocent-looking image or any other file format known as a cover object. Meanwhile
at the receiver’s side its goal is to extract the hidden information or message. Steganalysis, on the other hand, is the inverse process of steganography
and attempts to detect steganography. The role and development of steganalysis has increased when steganography was used for vulnerable activities
like the embedding of harmful content. Moreover, the development of effective steganographic methods has made it very difficult to decipher them. This
paper discusses in depth about the various existing steganalysis techniques and suggests improvements that can be brought about to prevent the abuse
of steganography. It includes implementation of an encryption and decryption algorithm which evades usage of a secret key in the process. An interface
that facilitates the same has also been developed and discussed in detail. It also discusses the further scope and challenges in both steganography and
steganalysis.