A Review of MicroRNA in Carcinogenesis
Keywords:
Cancer, Carcinogenesis, MicroRNA, oncogeneAbstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs involved in regulation of several cellular processes which are involved in the silencing of cell’s message in various processes. They are class of 21- to 24-nucleotides (nt), non-coding, regulatory RNA molecules, was first discovered in developing nematode. After the discovery of the first miRNA in the roundworm C. elegans, these short regulatory RNAs have been found to be an abundant class of RNAs in plants, animals, and DNA viruses. About 3% of human genes encode for miRNAs, and upto 30% of human protein coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs. MicroRNAs play a key role in diverse biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Accordingly, altered miRNA expression is likely to contribute to human disease, including cancer. Recent findings indicate that carcinogenic processes are associated with alteration in the expression of several microRNAs. Furthermore finding suggested that some microRNAs have got cancer promoting role (as oncogene) and the others act as tumour suppressor genes. In this review we illustrate the specific role and relationship of microRNA in a wide variety of cancer and also the application of microRNA in cancer detection as biomarker as well as therapeutic potential.
References
Ahmad, J., Hasnain, S. E., Siddiqui, M. A., Ahamed, M., Musarrat, J., and AlKhedhairy, A. A. (2013). MicroRNA in carcinogenesis & cancer diagnostics: A new paradigm. Indian. J. Med. Res. 137: 680-694.
Blenkiron,C., Goldstein, L.D., Thorne, N.P., Spiteri, I., Chin, S.F., Dunning, M.J., Barbosa-Morais, N.L., Teschendorff, A.E., Green, A.R., Ellis, I.O., Tavaré, S., Caldas, C. and Miska, E.A. (2007). MicroRNA expression profiling of human breast cancer identifies new markers of tumor subtype. Genome Biol. 8(10): R214.
Brueckner, B., Stresemann, C., Kuner, R., Mund, C., Musch, T., Meister, M., Sültmann, H. and Lyko, F. (2007). The human let-7a-3 locus contains an epigenetically regulated microRNA gene with oncogenic function. Cancer Res. 67(4): 1419-1423.
Bueno, M. J. (2008 ). Genetic and epigenetic silencing of microRNA-203 enhances ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 oncogene expression. Cancer cell. 13: 496-506.
Garofalo, M., Di Leva, G., Romano, G. (2009). miR-221&222 regulate TRAIL resistance and enhance tumorigenicity through PTEN and TIMP3 down regulation. Cancer Cell. 16: 498–509.
Inamura, K. and Ishikawa, Y. (2016). MicroRNA In Lung Cancer: Novel Biomarkers and Potential Tools for Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 5: 36.
Johnson, S. M., Grosshans, H., Shingara, J., Byrom, M., Jarvis, R., Cheng, A., Labourier, E., Reinert, K. L., Brown, D. and Slack, F. J. (2005). RAS Is Regulated by the let-7 MicroRNA Family. 120(5): 635–647.
Kedde, M. (2007). RNA-binding protein Dnd1 inhibits microRNA access to target mRNA. Cell. 131: 1273–1286.
Kozaki, K., Imoto, I., Mogi, S., Omura, K. and Inazawa, J. (2008). Exploration of tumorsuppressive microRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation in oral cancer. Cancer Res. 68: 2094–2105.
Kumar, B. and Lupold, S. (2016). Cancer: a review of current knowledge and opportunities for discovery. Asian J. Androl. 18: 559–567.
Kunte, D., Wali, R. K., DeLaCruz, M., Gibson, T. P., Tiwari, A. K., Brasky, J. T., Stypula, Y. and Roy, H. K. (2011). MicroRNAs as Novel Targets for NSAID Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis. Gastroentrol. 140(5): S41.
Lee, R. C. and Feinbaum, R. L. (1993). The C. elegans Heterochronic Gene lin-4 Encodes Small RNAs with Antisense Complementarity to & II-14. Cell. 75: 843-854.
Lee, Y., Kim, M., Han, J., Yeom, K. H., Lee, S., Baek, S.H. and Kim, V.N. (2004). MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Embo. J. 23(20): 4051- 4060.
Li, M., Li, J., Ding, X., He, M. and Cheng, S.Y. (2010). MicroRNA and Cancer. The AAPS Journal. 12: 309–317. Li, Y. and Sarkar, F. H. (2016). MicroRNA Targeted Therapeutic Approach for Pancreatic Cancer. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 12(3): 326-337.
Liang, Z., Li, Y., Huang, K., Wagar. N. and Shim, H. (2011). Regulation of miR-19 to breast cancer chemoresistance through targeting PTEN. Pharm. Res. 28: 3091– 100.
Lopez-Serra and Esteller, (2012). DNA methylation-associated silencing of tumor-suppressor microRNAs in cancer. Oncogene. 31(13): 1609-1622.
Malumbres, M. (2013). miRNAs and cancer: An epigenetics view. Mol. Aspects of Medicine. 34: 863–874. Melo, S. A. and Esteller, M. (2011). Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer: Playing with fire. FEBS Letters. 585: 2087–2099.
Omura, N., Li, C.P., Li, A., Hong, S.M., Walter, K., Jimeno, A., Hidalgo, M., Goggins, M. (2008). Genome-wide profiling of methylated promoters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol. Ther. 7: 1146-1156.
Patricia, A. H., Chien-Hsiang, W., Hunain, T. K., Neeraja, N., Eric, B. S., Christopher, B. U., Kenneth, W. W. and Martha, A. Z. (2015). MicroRNA Expression and Association with Clinicopathologic Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. Thyroid. 25(12): 1322-1329.
Patricia, A. H., Chien-Hsiang, W., Hunain, T. K., Neeraja, N., Eric, B. S., Christopher, B. U., Kenneth, W. W. and Martha, A. Z. (2015). MicroRNA Expression and Association with Clinicopathologic Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. Thyroid. 25(12): 1322-1329.
Ramachandran, V. and Chen, X. (2008). Degradation of microRNAs by a family of exo-ribonucleases-in-Arabidopsis. Science. 321: 1490–1492.
Reinhart, B. J., Slack, F. J., Basson, M., Pasquinelli, A. E., Bettinger, J. C., Rougvie, A. E., Horvitz, H. R. and Ruvkun, G. (2000). The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 403(6772): 901-906.
Saito, Y., Liang, G., Egger, G., Friedman, J.M., Chuang, J. C., Coetzee, G. A., Jones, P. A. (2006). Specific activation of microRNA127 with down regulation of the protooncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells. Cancer Cell. 9(6): 435-443.
Schwarz, D.?S. (2003). Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex. Cell. 115: 199–208.
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A. and Jayasena, S.?D. (2003). Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell. 115: 209–216.
Shi, G. H., Ye, D.W., Yao, X. D. (2010). Involvement of microRNA-21 in mediating chemo-resistance to docetaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 31: 867–73.
Suzuki, H., Maruyama, R., Yamamoto, E. and Kai, M. (2012). DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation in cancer. Molecular Oncology. 6: 567-578.
Takamizawa, J., Konishi, H., Yanagisawa, K., Tomida, S., Osada, H., Endoh, H., Harano, T., Yatabe, Y., Nagino, M., Nimura, Y., Mitsudomi, T. and Takahashi, T. (2004). Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Cancer Res. 64(11): 3753-3756.
Visani (2015). MicroRNA in Brain Neoplasia: A Review. Int. J. Brain. Disord. Treat. 1:1 . Inamura, K., and Ishikawa, Y. (2016). Humans MicroRNA In Lung Cancer: Novel Biomarkers and Potential Tools for Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 5: 36.
Viswanathan, S. R. and Daley, G.Q. (2010). Lin28: A MicroRNA Regulator with a Macro Role. Cell. 140(4): 445–449.
Wang, Q. X., Zhu, Y. Q., Zhang, H. and Xiao, J. (2015). Altered MiRNA Expression in Gastric Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 35: 933-944.
Winter, J., Jung, S., Keller, S., Gregory, R. I. and Diederichs, S. (2009). Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation. Nature Cell Biology. 11(3): 228-234.
Yanaihara, N., Caplen, N., Bowman, E., Seike, M., Kumamoto, K., Yi, M., Stephens, R. M., Okamoto, A., Yokota, J., Tanaka, T., Calin, G. A., Liu, C. G., Croce, C. M. and Harris, C. C .(2006). Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Cell. 9(3): 189-198.
Blenkiron,C., Goldstein, L.D., Thorne, N.P., Spiteri, I., Chin, S.F., Dunning, M.J., Barbosa-Morais, N.L., Teschendorff, A.E., Green, A.R., Ellis, I.O., Tavaré, S., Caldas, C. and Miska, E.A. (2007). MicroRNA expression profiling of human breast cancer identifies new markers of tumor subtype. Genome Biol. 8(10): R214.
Brueckner, B., Stresemann, C., Kuner, R., Mund, C., Musch, T., Meister, M., Sültmann, H. and Lyko, F. (2007). The human let-7a-3 locus contains an epigenetically regulated microRNA gene with oncogenic function. Cancer Res. 67(4): 1419-1423.
Bueno, M. J. (2008 ). Genetic and epigenetic silencing of microRNA-203 enhances ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 oncogene expression. Cancer cell. 13: 496-506.
Garofalo, M., Di Leva, G., Romano, G. (2009). miR-221&222 regulate TRAIL resistance and enhance tumorigenicity through PTEN and TIMP3 down regulation. Cancer Cell. 16: 498–509.
Inamura, K. and Ishikawa, Y. (2016). MicroRNA In Lung Cancer: Novel Biomarkers and Potential Tools for Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 5: 36.
Johnson, S. M., Grosshans, H., Shingara, J., Byrom, M., Jarvis, R., Cheng, A., Labourier, E., Reinert, K. L., Brown, D. and Slack, F. J. (2005). RAS Is Regulated by the let-7 MicroRNA Family. 120(5): 635–647.
Kedde, M. (2007). RNA-binding protein Dnd1 inhibits microRNA access to target mRNA. Cell. 131: 1273–1286.
Kozaki, K., Imoto, I., Mogi, S., Omura, K. and Inazawa, J. (2008). Exploration of tumorsuppressive microRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation in oral cancer. Cancer Res. 68: 2094–2105.
Kumar, B. and Lupold, S. (2016). Cancer: a review of current knowledge and opportunities for discovery. Asian J. Androl. 18: 559–567.
Kunte, D., Wali, R. K., DeLaCruz, M., Gibson, T. P., Tiwari, A. K., Brasky, J. T., Stypula, Y. and Roy, H. K. (2011). MicroRNAs as Novel Targets for NSAID Chemoprevention of Colon Carcinogenesis. Gastroentrol. 140(5): S41.
Lee, R. C. and Feinbaum, R. L. (1993). The C. elegans Heterochronic Gene lin-4 Encodes Small RNAs with Antisense Complementarity to & II-14. Cell. 75: 843-854.
Lee, Y., Kim, M., Han, J., Yeom, K. H., Lee, S., Baek, S.H. and Kim, V.N. (2004). MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Embo. J. 23(20): 4051- 4060.
Li, M., Li, J., Ding, X., He, M. and Cheng, S.Y. (2010). MicroRNA and Cancer. The AAPS Journal. 12: 309–317. Li, Y. and Sarkar, F. H. (2016). MicroRNA Targeted Therapeutic Approach for Pancreatic Cancer. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 12(3): 326-337.
Liang, Z., Li, Y., Huang, K., Wagar. N. and Shim, H. (2011). Regulation of miR-19 to breast cancer chemoresistance through targeting PTEN. Pharm. Res. 28: 3091– 100.
Lopez-Serra and Esteller, (2012). DNA methylation-associated silencing of tumor-suppressor microRNAs in cancer. Oncogene. 31(13): 1609-1622.
Malumbres, M. (2013). miRNAs and cancer: An epigenetics view. Mol. Aspects of Medicine. 34: 863–874. Melo, S. A. and Esteller, M. (2011). Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer: Playing with fire. FEBS Letters. 585: 2087–2099.
Omura, N., Li, C.P., Li, A., Hong, S.M., Walter, K., Jimeno, A., Hidalgo, M., Goggins, M. (2008). Genome-wide profiling of methylated promoters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol. Ther. 7: 1146-1156.
Patricia, A. H., Chien-Hsiang, W., Hunain, T. K., Neeraja, N., Eric, B. S., Christopher, B. U., Kenneth, W. W. and Martha, A. Z. (2015). MicroRNA Expression and Association with Clinicopathologic Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. Thyroid. 25(12): 1322-1329.
Patricia, A. H., Chien-Hsiang, W., Hunain, T. K., Neeraja, N., Eric, B. S., Christopher, B. U., Kenneth, W. W. and Martha, A. Z. (2015). MicroRNA Expression and Association with Clinicopathologic Features in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review. Thyroid. 25(12): 1322-1329.
Ramachandran, V. and Chen, X. (2008). Degradation of microRNAs by a family of exo-ribonucleases-in-Arabidopsis. Science. 321: 1490–1492.
Reinhart, B. J., Slack, F. J., Basson, M., Pasquinelli, A. E., Bettinger, J. C., Rougvie, A. E., Horvitz, H. R. and Ruvkun, G. (2000). The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 403(6772): 901-906.
Saito, Y., Liang, G., Egger, G., Friedman, J.M., Chuang, J. C., Coetzee, G. A., Jones, P. A. (2006). Specific activation of microRNA127 with down regulation of the protooncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells. Cancer Cell. 9(6): 435-443.
Schwarz, D.?S. (2003). Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex. Cell. 115: 199–208.
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A. and Jayasena, S.?D. (2003). Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias. Cell. 115: 209–216.
Shi, G. H., Ye, D.W., Yao, X. D. (2010). Involvement of microRNA-21 in mediating chemo-resistance to docetaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 31: 867–73.
Suzuki, H., Maruyama, R., Yamamoto, E. and Kai, M. (2012). DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation in cancer. Molecular Oncology. 6: 567-578.
Takamizawa, J., Konishi, H., Yanagisawa, K., Tomida, S., Osada, H., Endoh, H., Harano, T., Yatabe, Y., Nagino, M., Nimura, Y., Mitsudomi, T. and Takahashi, T. (2004). Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Cancer Res. 64(11): 3753-3756.
Visani (2015). MicroRNA in Brain Neoplasia: A Review. Int. J. Brain. Disord. Treat. 1:1 . Inamura, K., and Ishikawa, Y. (2016). Humans MicroRNA In Lung Cancer: Novel Biomarkers and Potential Tools for Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 5: 36.
Viswanathan, S. R. and Daley, G.Q. (2010). Lin28: A MicroRNA Regulator with a Macro Role. Cell. 140(4): 445–449.
Wang, Q. X., Zhu, Y. Q., Zhang, H. and Xiao, J. (2015). Altered MiRNA Expression in Gastric Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 35: 933-944.
Winter, J., Jung, S., Keller, S., Gregory, R. I. and Diederichs, S. (2009). Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation. Nature Cell Biology. 11(3): 228-234.
Yanaihara, N., Caplen, N., Bowman, E., Seike, M., Kumamoto, K., Yi, M., Stephens, R. M., Okamoto, A., Yokota, J., Tanaka, T., Calin, G. A., Liu, C. G., Croce, C. M. and Harris, C. C .(2006). Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Cell. 9(3): 189-198.
Downloads
Published
2016-12-30
How to Cite
Bhattacharjee, P., & Mukherjee, S. (2016). A Review of MicroRNA in Carcinogenesis. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 8, 59–65. Retrieved from https://qtanalytics.in/journals/index.php/IJERR/article/view/1312
Issue
Section
Articles
