Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bengalee urban adult men of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
Keywords:
Adults, bengalee, BMI, obesity, overweight, urban, West BengalAbstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed as well as developing countries. It is the result of an incorrect energy balance leading to an increased storage of energy mainly as fat. At present, it is estimated that there are more than 250 million people world-wide who are affected by obesity, equivalent to 7% of the adult population. Certain detrimental effects to health are attributed to obesity and it may develop at any age in either sex. Several factors may contribute to the development of obesity. Regardless of its cause, obesity may be associated with a variety of risks. There are numerous studies worldwide that have dealt with obesity and its economic and health costs. The present investigation is an endeavor to understand the obesity situation among urban adult Bengalee Hindu men. It also attempts to compare the levels of overweight and obesity among adult Bengalee Hindu men with those reported in other studies from India and abroad. Result revealed that the overall frequency of obesity (BMI ? 30.00) in men is 3.33% but the frequency of overweight (BMI 25.00 - 29.99) is alarming (29.33%) among the studied sample. The study concluded that obesity is a growing problem even in developing regions like India.
References
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Van Gaal, L., Rillaerts, E., Creten, W. and De Leeuw, I. (1988). Relationship of body fat distribution pattern to atherogenic risk factors in NIDDM : Preliminary Results. Diabetes Care. 11: 103-106.
Venkatramana, P. and Chengal, R. P. (2002). Association of overall and abdominal obesity with coronary heart disease risk factors: Comparison between urban and rural Indian men. Asia Pacific. J. Clin. Nutr. 11: 66-71.
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Bhadra, M., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Bose, K. (2009). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bengalee adults of Kolkata Metropolitan area, West Bengal, India. In: Obesity: A Multidimensional Approach to Contemporary Global Issue. Edited by: R. Sinha and S. Kapoor. New Delhi: Dhanraj Book House. Pp. 118-125.
Bose, K. (1995). A comparative study of generalised obesity and anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat in adult White and Pakistani migrant males in Peterborough. J. Roy. Soc. Hlth. 115: 90-95.
Bose, K. and Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1998). Conicity index and waist-hip ratio and their relationship with total cholesterol and blood pressure in middle-aged European and migrant Pakistani men. Ann. Hum. Biol. 25: 11-16.
Dasgupta, S. and Hazra, S. C. (1999). The utility of waist circumference in assessment of obesity. Ind. J. Pub. Health. 43: 132-135.
Dudeja, V, Misra, A., Pandey, R. M., Devina, G., Kumar, G. and Vikram, N. K. (2001). BMI does not predict overweight in Asian Indians in Northern India. British J. Nutr. 86: 105-112.
Georges, E., William, M. H. and Wear, M. L. (1991). Body fat distribution: Association with Socioeconomic status in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 3: 489-501.
Ghosh, A. (2004). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in 5-10 year old Bengalee girls from Calcutta, India. Ann. Hum. Biol. 31: 364-369.
Griffiths, P. L. and Bentley, M. E. (2001). The nutrition transition is underway in India. J. Nutr. 131: 2692-2700.
Guo, S., Roche, A. F. and Houtkooper, L. (1989). Fat-free mass in children and young adults predicted from bioelectrical impedance and anthropometric variables. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50: 435-443.
Gutierrez-Fisac, J. L., Lopez, E., Banegas, J. R., Graciani, A. and Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (2004). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people in Spain. Obes. Res. 12: 710-715.
Heitmann, B. L. (1990). Evaluation of body fat estimated from body mass index, skinfolds and impedance: A Comparative Study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 44: 831-837.
Ismail, M. N., Chee, S. S., Nawawi, H., Yusoff, K., Lim, T. O. and James, W. P. (2002). Obesity in Malaysia. Obes. Rev. 3: 203-208.
Johnston, E., Johnson, S., McLeod, P., and Johnston, M. (2004). The relation of body mass index to depressive symptoms. Can. J. Public Health. 95: 179-183.
Kim, Y., Suh, Y. K. and Choi, H. (2004). BMI and metabolic disorders in South Korean adults: 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Obes. Res. 12: 445-453.
Kopelman, P. G. (2000). Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 404: 635-643.
Lean, M. E. J., Han, T. S. and Deurenberg, P. (1996). Predicting body composition by densitometry from simple anthropometric measurements. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63:4-14.
Lohman, T. G., Roche, A. F. and Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Human Kinetics Books, Chicago.
Misra, A., Pandey, R. M., Devi, J. R., Sharma, R., Vikram N. K. and Khanna, N. (2001). High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 25: 1722-1729.
Muller, W. H. and Reid, R. M. (1979). A multivariate analysis of fatness and relative fat patterning. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 50: 199-208.
Pi–Sunyer, F. X. (1994). Obesity . Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Shils M. E., Olson, J.A. and Shike, M. (eds). Pp.984-1006.
Roberts, S. B. and Mayer, J. (2000). Holiday weight gain : Fact or Fiction ? Nutrition Reviews. 58: 378-379.
Segal, K. R., Van Loan, M., Fitzgerald, P. I., Hogdon J. A. and Van Itallie, B. (1988). Lean body mass estimation by bioelectrical impedance analysis : A four-site cross validation study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 47: 7-14.
Smith, S. R., Lovejoy, J. C., Greenway, F., Ryan, D., deJonge, L., Bretonne, J de la., Volafova J. and Bray, G. A. (2001). Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism. 50: 425-35.
Sobol, J. and Stunkard, A. J. (1989). Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature. Psychol Bull. 105: 260-275.
Stunkard, A. J. and Wadden, T. A. (1993). Obesity: theory and therapy. Second edition, Raven Press, New York. Thomas, C. S. and Krishnaswami, S. (1995). Distribution of Body Mass Index in Indian patients with coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J. 47: 134-137.
Ulijaszek, S. J. and Kerr, D. A. (1999). Anthropometric measurement error and the assessment of nutritional status. Brit. J. Nutr. 82: 165-177.
Van Gaal, L., Rillaerts, E., Creten, W. and De Leeuw, I. (1988). Relationship of body fat distribution pattern to atherogenic risk factors in NIDDM : Preliminary Results. Diabetes Care. 11: 103-106.
Venkatramana, P. and Chengal, R. P. (2002). Association of overall and abdominal obesity with coronary heart disease risk factors: Comparison between urban and rural Indian men. Asia Pacific. J. Clin. Nutr. 11: 66-71.
World Health Organization. (1995). Physical Status : The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry, Report of the WHO Expert Committee, Technical Report Series, No. 854., WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity, Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, Report of a WHO Consultation, Technical Report Series, No. 894., WHO, Geneva.
Zargar, A. H., Masoodi, S. R., Laway, B. A., Khan, A. K., Wani, A. I., Bashir, M. I. and Akhtar, S. (2000). Prevalence of obesity in adults an epidemiological study from Kashmir Valley of Indian Subcontinent. J. Assoc. Physicians India. 48:1170-1174.
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2016-04-30
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Roy, C. S., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Bhadra, M. (2016). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bengalee urban adult men of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 4, 45–50. Retrieved from https://qtanalytics.in/journals/index.php/IJERR/article/view/1360
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