A review of gene mutations, conventional testing and novel approaches to cancer screening

Namrata Pramod Kulkarni; Shivali Hargovind Tank; Pradnya Nikhil Korlekar; Supriya Shrihari Shidhaye; Pratik Barve

doi:10.52756/ijerr.2023.v30.015

Namrata Pramod Kulkarni Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collector’s Colony, Mumbai-400072, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-3911
Shivali Hargovind Tank Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collector’s Colony, Mumbai-400072, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-4878
Pradnya Nikhil Korlekar Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collector’s Colony, Mumbai-400072, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-8299
Supriya Shrihari Shidhaye Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collector’s Colony, Mumbai-400072, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-3355
Pratik Barve Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Collector’s Colony, Mumbai-400072, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-6262

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v30.015

Keywords: Biochemical testing, cancer, chromosomes, genetic testing, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes

Abstract

Cancer is a genetic disease caused due to mutations in the tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes involved in the cell cycle regulation. It may include mutations that may be inherited or acquired during one’s lifetime and affect single gene or multiple genes, chromosomes and their protein expression patterns, ultimately leading to a loss of control over the cell cycle and culminating in uncontrolled cell growth. With the tremendous increase in global cancer burden and early detection being the key to cure, it has become imperative that the genes be studied and new genetic and biochemical testing techniques be utilized. In this review, we have looked at various mutations involved in common cancer-causing genes, their role under normal physiological conditions, mechanisms of mutation and their occurrence in different types of cancers. Also, the review focuses on conventional and novel approaches for genetic and biochemical testing, the techniques used and their advantages and limitations.

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