Technology adoption of digital banking and women consumers: An empirical investigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v32.024Keywords:
digital banking, technology adoption, gender inequality, structural equation modelingAbstract
Digital banking services have gained much attention in recent years due to their enormous advantages, like convenience, flexibility, and time-savings compared to traditional banking services. However, the low awareness, perceived risk, and security concerns with online banking services led Indian women to deposit their savings in banks, mostly in accounts operated by the husband or a male family member. This study examines women consumers' awareness and intentions to use digital banking during post-demonetization. The study has analyzed the technology adoption model and established a relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, risk and behaviour (independent variables) and intentions to use (dependent variable). We have carried out a primary survey and collected 180 responses from the national capital regions of India. The findings show a positive significant influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and behaviour over the intentions to use digital banking. According to the outcome, women consumers are ready to adopt digital banking. The results of this study may be utilized to improve financial services, particularly digital banking, and as part of a marketing campaign to promote its usage. It has been difficult to visit the bank physically during epidemics; thus, using digital banking is strongly advised.
References
Aggarwal, M. (2019). Financial literacy and investment decisions. Finance India, 33(4), 981–1000.
Ananda, S., Devesh, S., & Al Lawati, A. M. (2020). What factors drive the adoption of digital banking? An empirical study from the perspective of Omani retail banking. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 25(1–2), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00072-y
Anouze, A. L. M., & Alamro, A. S. (2019). Factors affecting intention to use e-banking in Jordan. International Journal of Bank Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2018-0271
Anouze, A. L. M., & Alamro, A. S. (2020). Factors affecting intention to use e-banking in Jordan. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(1), 86–112. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2018-0271
Arora, S., & Kaur, S. (2018). Perceived Risk Dimensions & Its Impact on Intention To Use E-Banking Services: a Conceptual Study. Journal of Commerce & Accounting Research, 7(2), 18–27.
Ayo, C. K., Ifinedo, P., Ekong, U. O., & Oni, A. A. (2012). An empirical evaluation of the effects of gender differences and self-efficacy in the adoption of E-banking in Nigeria: A modified technology acceptance model. Leveraging Developing Economies with the Use of Information Technology: Trends and Tools, (January), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1637-0.ch010
Bashir, I., & Madhavaiah, C. (2015). Consumer attitude and behavioural intention towards Internet banking adoption in India. Journal of Indian Business Research, 7(1), 67–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-02-2014-0013
Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Statistical strategies for small sample research (pp. 307–341). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Flavián, C., Guinalíu, M., & Torres, E. (2006). How bricks-and-mortar attributes affect online banking adoption. International Journal of Bank Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320610701735
Franke, G., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). Heuristics versus statistics in discriminant validity testing: a comparison of four procedures. Internet Research, 29(3), 430–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-12-2017-0515/FULL/HTML
Gallery, N., Gallery, G., Brown, K., Furneaux, C., & Palm, C. (2011). Financial Literacy and Pension Investment Decisions. Financial Accountability & Management, 27(3), 286–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2011.00526.x
Goswami, K. C., & Sinha, S. (2019). Cashless Economy and Strategic Impact on Bank Marketing. Sumedha Journal of Management, 8(1), 131–142.
Gupta, A., Mittal, P., Gupta, P. K., & Bansal, S. (2022). Implication of Privacy Laws and Importance of ICTs to Government Vision of the Future (pp. 383–391). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3071-2_32
Gupta, P. K., & Mittal, P. (2020). Corporate Governance and Risk Bundling: Evidence from Indian Companies. European Journal of Business Science and Technology, 6(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.11118/ejobsat.2020.004
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. In Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (Vol. 7th).
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11747-014-0403-8
Kumari, S., Gupta, J., & Jain, R. (2022). Reliability Evaluation of Factors of Millennial Perception towards Digital Payments. Journal of Business Management and Information Systems, 9(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2022.0901003
Klein, D. F. (2005). Beyond Significance Testing: Reforming Data Analysis Methods in Behavioral Research. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(3), 643-a-644. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.643-a
Lin, W. R., Wang, Y. H., & Hung, Y. M. (2020a). Analyzing the factors influencing adoption intention of internet banking: Applying DEMATEL-ANP-SEM approach. PLoS ONE, 15(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227852
Lin, W. R., Wang, Y. H., & Hung, Y. M. (2020b). Analyzing the factors influencing adoption intention of internet banking: Applying DEMATEL-ANP-SEM approach. PLoS ONE, 15(2), e0227852. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227852
Marafon, D. L., Basso, K., Espartel, L. B., de Barcellos, M. D., & Rech, E. (2018). Perceived risk and intention to use internet banking: The effects of self-confidence and risk acceptance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2016-0166
Mittal, P. (2020). Impact of Digital Capabilities and Technology Skills on Effectiveness of Government in Public Services. IEEE, In 2020 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry: Way Towards a Sustainable Economy (ICDABI), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDABI51230.2020.9325647
Mohamed, A. M. (2019). Is There a Relationship between Financial literacy and Investment Decisions in the Kingdom of Bahrain? Journal of Management and Accounting Studies, 4(02), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.24200/jmas.vol4iss02pp68-78
Nguyen, O. T. (2020). Factors affecting the intention to use digital banking in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 303–310.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.303
Pareek, K. (2020). Awareness of E-Banking & Working Women : A Study of Bhilwara Region, 11(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-1101025660
Polasik, M., & Wisniewski, T. P. (2009). Empirical analysis of internet banking adoption in Poland. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320910928227
Raharja, S. J., Sutarjo, H., Muhyi, H. A., & Herawaty, T. (2020). Digital Payment as an Enabler for Business Opportunities: A Go-Pay Case Study. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9(1), 319–330.
Shaik, M. B., Kethan, M., & Jaggaiah, T. (2022). Financial Literacy and Investment Behaviour of IT Professional With Reference To Bangalore City. Ilomata International Journal of Management, 3(3), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v3i3.487
Sobti, N. (2019). Impact of demonetization on diffusion of mobile payment service in India: Antecedents of behavioral intention and adoption using extended UTAUT model. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(4), 472–497. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-09-2018-0086
Dua, S. A. (2022). Sustainable Finance - A Growth Engine for the Slowing Pace of SDGs. VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 8(3), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2022.08.03.004
Sudarsono, H., Nugrohowati, R. N. I., & Tumewang, Y. K. (2020). The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Adoption of Internet Banking in Indonesia: Islamic Bank and Conventional Bank. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 789–800. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.789
Suhas, D., & Ramesh, H. N. (2018). E-banking and its growth in India – A synoptic view. Journal of Management Research and Analysis, 5(4), 376–383. https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2770.2018.0060
Voorhees, C. M., Brady, M. K., Calantone, R., & Ramirez, E. (2016). Discriminant validity testing in marketing: an analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11747-015-0455-4
Wold, H. (1981). The Partial Least Squares-Fix Point Method Of Estimating Interdependent Systems With Latent Variables. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610928108828062
Yendra, B. N., & Nursyamsi, I. (2017). An Analysis on Factors that Influence Customers’ Intention to Use Internet Banking in Jayapura City. Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 29.
Zagalaz Jiménez, J. R., & Aguiar Díaz, I. (2019). Educational level and Internet banking. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 22, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.004