Control Strategies for Enhancing Power Quality with Unified Power Quality Conditioner in a Solar-PV Integrated Utility System

Lenin Babu Chilakapati; T. Gowri Manohar

doi:10.52756/ijerr.2023.v35spl.001

Authors

Lenin Babu Chilakapati Department of E.E.E., S. V. University College of Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati -517502, Andhra Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9749-979X
T. Gowri Manohar Department of E.E.E., S. V. University College of Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati -517502, Andhra Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0441-6022

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v35spl.001

Keywords:

Adaptive Leaky Least Mean Square (AL_LMS) Algorithm, Clean Energy, Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion, Unified Power Quality Conditioner, Voltage Sag & Swell

Abstract

The electrical utility systems are well-liked as local energy systems because of their capacity to incorporate renewable energy, enhance energy effectiveness and strengthen the resilience of the power system. These benefits do, however, come with specific complications regarding control and power quality (PQ). PQ within a utility system is paramount to ensure the appropriate operation of connected devices and the well-being of the overall system. As a result, both voltage quality & current quality are significant. Control strategies in conjunction with cutting-edge power electronics devices (PED) offer a solid framework to handle PQ challenges. Hence, this paper’s proposed work discusses the application of a Solar-Photovoltaic (PV) fed Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for power quality enhancement towards the supply grid network. The Solar-PV fed UPQC enhances PQ and maximizes solar energy utilisation, leading to an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution while injecting clean, renewable energy into the grid. In this paper, the control strategies for UPQC are based primarily on the Adaptive Leaky Least Mean Square (AL_LMS) algorithm as compared with the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) based theory for switching of series and shunt active converters of UPQC. This AL_LMS approach extracts reference signals to switch UPQC’s shunt and series voltage source converters (VSCs) by iteratively updating the weights. Thus, the control strategy applied to Solar-PV fed UPQC mitigates voltage problems like voltage sag and swell, current harmonic distortions and other PQ issues. The work is done in MATLAB/ Simulation software and simulation outcomes show the effectiveness of Solar-PV fed UPQC in improving power quality by maintaining within the IEEE-519 Standards.

References

Agarwal, N. Kr., Saxena, A., Prakash, A., Singh, A., Srivastava, A., & Baluni, A. (2021). Review on Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to Mitigate Power Quality Problems. 2021 2nd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCAT52182.2021.9587586

Ahmad, S., Mekhilef, S., & Mokhlis, H. (2020). DQ-Axis Synchronous Reference Frame based P-Q Control of Grid Connected AC Microgrid. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), 842–847. https://doi.org/10.1109/GUCON48875.2020.9231080

Alam, Md. S., Al-Ismail, F. S., Salem, A., & Abido, M. A. (2020). High-level penetration of renewable energy sources into grid utility: Challenges and solutions. IEEE Access, 8, 190277–190299. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3031481

Alhafadhi, L., & Teh, J. (2022). Power Quality Enhancement in Stand-Alone PV System using Leaky LMS Adaptive Algorithm. In: N. M. Mahyuddin, N. R. Mat Noor, & H. A. Mat Sakim (eds.), Springer Singapore. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Robotics, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications, 829, 449–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8129-5_69

Bag, A., Subudhi, B., & Ray, P. K. (2020). An Adaptive Variable Leaky Least Mean Square Control Scheme for Grid Integration of a PV System. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 11(3), 1508–1515. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2019.2929551

Bajaj, M., & Singh, A. K. (2020). Grid Integrated Renewable DG Systems: A Review of Power Quality Challenges and State‐of‐the‐Art Mitigation Techniques. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(1), 26–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4847

Bollen, M. H. J. (2000). Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions. IEEE Press.

Chandrakala Devi, S., Singh, B., & Devassy, S. (2020). Modified Generalised Integrator based Control Strategy for Solar PV Fed UPQC Enabling Power Quality Improvement. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 14(16), 3127–3138. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1939

Chawda, G. S., Shaik, A. G., Mahela, O. P., Padmanaban, S., & Holm-Nielsen, J. B. (2020). Comprehensive Review of Distributed FACTS Control Algorithms for Power Quality Enhancement in Utility Grid with Renewable Energy Penetration. IEEE Access, 8, 107614–107634. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000931

Devena, N., Gengi, G., Vijayammal, B. K., Reghuraman, K. S., Gunaselvam, D., & Balaraman, J. (2023). Improvement of Power Quality using Variable Leaky Least Mean Square Controller with Adaptive Shunt Active Filter for Non-Linear Loads. AIP Publishing. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2857(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0164334

Diab, A. M., Bozhko, S., Guo, F., Rashed, M., Buticchi, G., Xu, Z., Yeoh, S. S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2021). Fast and Simple Tuning Rules of Synchronous Reference Frame Proportional-Integral Current Controller. IEEE Access, 9, 22156–22170. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3054845

Fuchs, E. F., & Masoum, M. A. S. (2023). The Roles of Filters in Power Systems and Unified Power Quality Conditioners. Elsevier, In Power Quality in Power Systems, Electrical Machines, and Power-Electronic Drives. pp.915–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817856-0.00010-8

Heenkenda, A., Elsanabary, A., Seyedmahmoudian, M., Mekhilef, S., Stojcevski, A., & Aziz, N. F. A. (2023). Unified Power Quality Conditioners based Different Structural Arrangements: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Access, 11, 43435–43457. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3269855

Hingorani, N. G., & Gyugyi, L. (2000). Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE Press.

Hoon, Y., Mohd Radzi, M. A., Mohd Zainuri, M. A. A., & Zawawi, M. A. M. (2019). Shunt Active Power Filter: A Review on Phase Synchronization Control Techniques. Electronics, 8(7), 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070791

Jha, K., & Shaik, A. G. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Power Quality Mitigation in the Scenario of Solar PV Integration into Utility Grid. E-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 3, 100103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2022.100103

Khetarpal, P., & Tripathi, M. M. (2020). A Critical and Comprehensive Review on Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 28, 100417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100417

Martinez, R., Castro, P., Arroyo, A., Manana, M., Galan, N., Moreno, F. S., Bustamante, S., & Laso, A. (2022). Techniques to locate the origin of power quality disturbances in a power system: A review. Sustainability, 14(12), 7428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127428

Mlilo, N., Brown, J., & Ahfock, T. (2021). Impact of intermittent renewable energy generation penetration on the power system networks – A review. Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, 6(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40866-021-00123-w

Pal, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Topologies and Control Strategies Implicated in Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for Power Quality Improvement. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, 44(2), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00287-3

Patel, S. K., Arya, S. R., & Maurya, R. (2019). Optimal Step LMS based Control Algorithm for DSTATCOM in Distribution System. Electric Power Components and Systems, 47(8), 675–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2019.1602797

Penagaluru Suresh., & T. G. Manohar. (2019). Effective Power Quality Improvement in PV Grid by using Adaptive Hysteresis Dynamic Active Power Filter under Different Source Voltage Control Strategies. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9(1), 2489–2496. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5537.109119

Ray, P., Ray, P. K., & Dash, S. K. (2022). Power Quality Enhancement and Power Flow Analysis of a PV Integrated UPQC System in a Distribution Network. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 58(1), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.3131404

Sabin, D., Norwalk, M., Kittredge, K., & Johnston, S. (2022). IEEE Power Quality Standards. 2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808543

Satish, R., Pydi, B., Balamurali, S., Salkuti, S.R., Abdelaziz, A.Y., & Feleke, S. (2023). A Comprehensive Power Quality Mitigation Tool: UPQC. In: Salkuti, S.R., Ray, P., Singh, A.R. (eds). Springer, Singapore. Power Quality in Microgrids: Issues, Challenges and Mitigation Techniques. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1039, 47-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2066-2_3

Sudheer, K., Penagaluru, S., & Prabaharan, N. (2022). Mitigation of voltage disturbances in photovoltaic fed grid system using cascaded soft computing controller. In: A. R. Gupta, N. K. Roy, & S. K. Parida (eds.), Power Electronics and High Voltage in Smart Grid (Vol. 817, pp. 269–281). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7393-1_22

Suresh, P., & Gowri Manohar, T. (2018). Effective Renewable Source Integration using Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Power Quality Enhancement in Three Phase System. MATEC Web of Conferences, 225, 05014. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822505014

Venkata, A. K. G., & Reddy, M.D. (2023). TLBO-trained ANN-based Shunt Active Power Filter for Mitigation of Current Harmonics. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 34(Spl.), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v34spl.002

Venkata, A. K. G., & Reddy, M.D (2023). Mitigation of Grid Current Harmonics by ABC- ANN based Shunt Active Power Filter. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 33(1), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.1.285298

Watanabe, E. H., deAraújo Lima, F. K., daSilva Dias, R. F., Aredes, M., Barbosa, P. G., Lima Barcelos, S. L. S., & Santos, G. (2018). Flexible AC Transmission Systems. Elsevier, In Power Electronics Handbook, pp. 885–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12811407-0.00031-3