Effect of Altered Sleep, Perceived Stress on Muscle Strength between Night and Day Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chennai
Abstract
A minimum of 20% of the global population suffers from sleep debt, which includes shift workers. The risks to one's health and well-being are caused by shift work, increased workload, and other substantial problems. Sleep disruptions will lead to stress, catabolize muscle proteins, and reduce muscular strength in night shift workers. To assess whether sleep quality and perceived stress level have an effect on muscle strength among shift workers. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the airport workers. One hundred night duty workers and one hundred day duty workers aged 25-40 were randomly selected, and the study was conducted for four months in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu. A validated questionnaire evaluated the quality of sleep and stress levels. Muscle strength was determined using Mosso’s ergograph. Version 3.6.3 of the R statistical software was used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smimov ‘Z’ test was used to determine the data set's normality. Significant negative correlations are observed between Mosso'sergo graph and both PSS (r = -0.501, p <0.001) and global PSQI score (r = -0.331, p <0.001). P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. This indicates that higher muscle strength is related to decreased perceived stress levels and better sleep quality. Workplace health policies have to be improved. Adequate resting time and stress management training are essential to reduce the adverse effects of rotational work on theworker’s performance in addition to their well-being.
References
Aisbett, B., Condo, D., Zacharewicz, E., & Lamon, S. (2017). The impact of shiftwork on skeletal muscle health. Nutrients, 9(3), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030248
Ajgaonkar, J. R., & Bidikar, M. P. (2019). Sleep assessment and perceived stress amongst medical postgraduate residents. International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i6.287
Amiri, S., Hasani, J., & Satkin, M. (2021). Effect of exercise training on improving sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Sleep Medicine, 84, 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.013
Anbumalar, C., Dorathy, A. P., Jaswanti, V. P., Priya, D., & Reniangelin, D. (2017). Gender differences in perceived stress levels and coping strategies among college students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(4), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.25215/0404.103
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Cohen S., Kamarck T., Mermelstein R. (1994). Perceived stress scale. Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists, eds Cohen S., Kessler R.C., Gordon L.U. (New York: Oxford University Press)
Devulapally, Y., Negi, D. S., & Pasula, K. B. (2018). A comparative study of skeletal muscle fatigue in diabetic and non-diabetic human beings. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(9), 1529.
https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2018.8.0723122082018
Easton, D. F., Gupta, C. C., Vincent, G. E., & Ferguson, S. A. (2024). Move the night way: how can physical activity facilitate adaptation to shift work? Communications Biology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05962-8
Fan, J., & Smith, A. P. (2017). The impact of workload and fatigue on performance. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, pp. 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_6
Fielding, R. A., Ralston, S. H., & Rizzoli, R. (2015). Emerging impact of skeletal muscle in health and disease. Calcified Tissue International, 96(3), 181–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-015-9964-x
Fullagar, H., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A. J., & Meyer, T. (2014). Sleep and athletic performance: The effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Medicine, 45(2), 161–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0
Genário, R., Gil, S., Oliveira-Júnior, G., Leitão, A. E., Franco, T. C., Sales, R. M., Ferriolli, E., Busse, A. L., Filho, W. J., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2023). Sleep quality is a predictor of muscle mass, strength, quality of life, anxiety and depression in older adults with obesity. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37921-4
Gupta, S., Bansal, K., & Saxena, P. (2022). A clinical trial to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on sleep quality and quality of life in older adults with sleep disturbance. Sleep Science, 15(02), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20220040
Harfmann, B. D., Schroder, E. A., & Esser, K. A. (2014). Circadian rhythms, the molecular clock, and skeletal muscle. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 30(2), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730414561638
Kecklund, G., & Axelsson, J. (2016). Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep. BMJ, i5210. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5210
Knowles, O., Drinkwater, E. J., Urwin, C. S., Lamon, S., & Aisbett, B. (2018). Inadequate sleep and muscle strength: Implications for resistance training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(9), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.012
Lamon, S., Morabito, A., Arentson‐Lantz, E., Knowles, O., Vincent, G. E., Condo, D., Alexander, S. E., Garnham, A., Paddon‐Jones, D., & Aisbett, B. (2021). The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment. Physiological Reports, 9(1), e14660. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14660
Mishra, C., & Singh, S. (2018). To study the correlation between fatigue and body mass index (bmi) using mosso’s ergograph in young adults. Era’s Journal of Medical Research, 5(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2018.82
Ogawa, R., Seo, E., Maeno, T., Itō, M., Sanuki, M., & Maeno, T. (2018). The relationship between long working hours and depression among first-year residents in Japan. BMC Medical Education, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1171-9
Niu, S. F., Chung, M. H., Chen, C. H., Hegney, D., O'Brien, A., & Chou, K. R. (2011). The effect of shift rotation on employee cortisol profile, sleep quality, fatigue, and attention level: a systematic review. The journal of nursing research: JNR, 19(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0b013e31820c1879
Pal, G. K., & Pal, P. (2021). Textbook of practical physiology, (5): 228-34. ISBN: 9789389211641.
Peng, X., Liu, N., Zhang, X., Bao, X., Xie, Y., Huang, J., Wang, P., & Du, Q. (2018). Associations between objectively assessed physical fitness levels and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people in South China. Sleep & Breathing, 23(2), 679–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-018-1749-9
Poornima, K. N., Karthick, N., & Sitalakshmi, R. (2014). Study of the effect of stress on skeletal muscle function in geriatrics. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(1), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/7014.3966
Rosdiana, I., & Cahyati, Y. (2019). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on blood pressure among patients with hypertension. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 28-35. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2019v02i01.005
Schroder, E. A., Harfmann, B. D., Zhang, X., Srikuea, R., England, J. H., Hodge, B. A., Wen, Y., Riley, L. A., Yu, Q., Christie, A. B., Smith, J. D., Seward, T., Horrell, E. M. W., Mula, J., Peterson, C. A., Butterfield, T. A., & Esser, K. A. (2015). Intrinsic muscle clock is necessary for musculoskeletal health. Journal of Physiology, 593(24), 5387–5404.
https://doi.org/10.1113/jp271436
Schupp, M., & Hanning, C. (2003). Physiology of sleep. BJA CEPD Reviews, 3(3), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjacepd/mkg069
Simpson, N., Gibbs, E. L., & Matheson, G. O. (2016). Optimizing sleep to maximize performance: implications and recommendations for elite athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12703
Singh, S., & Mishra, C. (2018). To study the correlation between fatigue and body mass index(BMI) using Mosso’s ergograph in young adults. Era’s journal of medical research,5(2),146-150.
Tejas, S., Krutika, G., Mukta, B., & Waqas, A. (2022). A Study of perceived stress and sleep deprivation in an urban Indian population.Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results,13(7 spl.), 7273-7289.
Thompson, K., Chau, M., Lorenzetti, M. S., Hill, L. D., Fins, A. I., & Tartar, J. L. (2022). Acute sleep deprivation disrupts emotion, cognition, inflammation, and cortisol in young healthy adults. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, 945661. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.945661
Venkappa, S. M., Savita, S., & Hiremath, K. A. N (2022). A Study of Impact of Examination Stress on Musculoskeletal Strength and Fatigue using Mosso’s Ergo Graph in first year Medical Students. Medica Innovatica, 11(2), 44-48.
Walvekar, S. S., Ambekar, J. G., & Devaranavadagi, B. B. (2015). Study on serum cortisol and perceived stress scale in the police constables. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(2), BC10–BC14. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/12015.5576
Wolkow, A., Ferguson, S., Aisbett, B., & Main, L. (2015). Effects of work-related sleep restriction on acute physiological and psychological stress responses and their interactions: A review among emergency service personnel. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 28(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00227
You, Y., Chen, Y., Wen, F., Li, X., Wang, R., Liu, J., & Ma, X. (2023). The association between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance: A mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 1080782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080782
You, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, Q., Yan, N., Ning, Y., & Cao, Q. (2023). Muscle quality index is associated with trouble sleeping: a cross-sectional population based study. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15411-6
Copyright (c) 2024 International Academic Publishing House (IAPH)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
