Abundance and diversity of unicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria (BGA) and other higher algal genera in different rice fields of North 24 Parganas District in West Bengal, India

Nikhil Chandra Halder

doi:10.52756/ijerr.2015.v01.003

Authors

Nikhil Chandra Halder Department of Botany, Uluberia College (University of Calcutta), Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2015.v01.003

Keywords:

Blue green algae, distribution pattern, nitrogen fixation, physic-chemical

Abstract

The distribution of unicellular and filamentous Blue green algae in relation to seasonal variation in rice fields in three major rice growing different blocks of North 24 parganas in west Bengal has been under taken. Present research paper deals with continued three successive years (2011-2014) studied for the first time. The different physicochemical parameters were chosen for this study. The occurrence of Cyanobacteria and altogether 48 species of Nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria samples belonging to 25 genera and various orders were isolated in different rice growing fields. The increasing range of soil pH was certainly the important factor for the development of BGA up to certain limits. Comparatively more number of filamentous and heterocystous forms were developed in July to October (kharif season) and less number of unicellular forms were in November to June (Rabi season). When water level was low, Starting the crop season the rice growing fields developed mainly Unicellular, colonial and Non-Heterocystous filamentous Cyanobacteria and slight developed water level in the middle of rice growing time, Non-Heterocystous and Heterocystous Cyanobacteria were observed. When water level was more and at the end of rice crop season mostly Heterocystous and filamentous Cyanobacteria (BGA) were developed.

References

Bischoff, H.W and Bold, H.C. (1963). Phycological studies IV. Some soil algae from Enchanted Rock related Algal Species. The Univ. of Texas. Publication No. 6318: 9.

Chu, S.P. (1942). The influence of mineral composition of the medium of the growth of planktonic algal Methods and Culture media. J.Ecol. 30: 284-325.

Debnath, M., Mandal, N.C. and Ray, S. (2009). The study of cyanobacterial flora from geothermal spring of Bakreswar, West Bengal, India. Algae. 24(4): 129-138.

Desikachary, T.V. (1959). Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi. Pp. 700.

Deka, M. and Bordoloi, R.P.M. (1991). Studies on the blue green algae from rice fields of Assam: A qualitative assessment. Phykos. 30: 173-180.

Geitler, L. (1932). Cyanophyceae. In: Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamenflora. Akademische Verlagsgesselschaft, Leipzig.

Gomes, A.F.D.E., Veeresh, A.V. and Rodrigues, B.F. (2011). Density and diversity of blue green algae from the rice fields of Goa. I.J.A.B.R. 1(1): 08-14.

Halder, N. C. (2015). Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacterial Flora of Nadia District in West Bengal. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev. 1: 8-16.

Jain, N. (2015). Diversity of blue-green algae and study on related physico-chemical parameters of paddy fields of Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Int. J. Res. Dev. Pharm. L. Sci. 4(2): 1456-1462.

Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (1986). Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes, 2 Chroococcales Arch. Hydrobiol Suppl. 73. Algological Studies. 43: 157-226.

Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (1988). Modern approach of the classification system of cyanophytes 4-Nostocales. Arch. Hydrobiol Suppl. 82.3, Algological studies 3rd part. Pp. 247- 345.

Keshri, J.P. and Chatterjee, S. (2010). First record of two cyanoprokaryotes: Oscillatoria (Oscillatoriales) and Nostoc (Nostocales) endophytic within an angiosperm Alternanthera sessilis R.Br. (Amaranthaceae). Algological studies. 135: 83-88.

Kimura, M. (2000). Anaerobic microbiology in waterlogged rice fields. In: Bollag, J. M., Stotzky, G. (Eds.), Soil Biochemistry, vol. 10. Marcel Dekker, New York. Pp. 35–138.

Kirk, G. (2004). The Biogeochemistry of Submerged Soils. Wiley, Chichester. Pp. 291.

Kumar, A. and Sahu, R. (2012). Diversity of Algae (Cholorophyceae) in Paddy Fields of Lalgutwa Area, Ranchi, Jharkhand. J. App. Pharm. Sci. 2(11): 092-095.

Kumar, S. R. S. and Rao, K. V. B. (2012). Biological nitrogen fixation:A Review. Int. J. Adv. Life Sci. 1:1-6.

Naik, H., Sahu, .J.K. and Adhikari, S.P. (1997) Blue green algae of rice fieldsof Orissa state II. Growth and Nitrogen fixing potential. Phykos. 35: 111-118.

Nayak, S., Prasanna, R., Dominic, T.K., Singh, P.K. (2001). Floristic abundance and relative distribution of different cyanobacterial genera in rice field soil at different crop growth stages. Phykos. 40: 14-21.

Song, T., Martensson,T., Eriksson, W. Z. and Rasmussen, U. (2005). Biodiversity and seasonal variation of the cyanobacterial assemblage in a rice paddy field in Fujian, China. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 54: 131-140.

Starmach, K. (1966). Cyanophyta-sinice Glaucophyta Glaukofity Panstwowe Wydawnitwo Naukowe. Warszawa.Pp. 807.

Stanier, R.Y., Kunisawa, R., Mandel, M. and Cohen-Bazire, G. (1971). Purification and properties of Unicellular Blue Green Algae (Order Chroococcales). Bact. Rev. 35: 171-205.

Saika, P. and Bordoloi, R.P.M. (1994). Blue green algal flora from rice fields of Assam. Phykos. 33: 53-57.

Singh, B.V., Choudhary, K.K., Dhar, D.W. and Singh, P.K. (2001). Occurrence of some Nostocales from 24 Parganas, W.B. Phykos. 40: 83-87.

Singh, R., Singh, R.P. and Singh, D.V. (2015). Distribution of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in rice fields of Varanasi. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3(8): 1055 – 1060.

Stewart, W.D.P. (1972). Heterocysts of blue green algae. In: Desikachary. T.V. ed. Taxonomy and biology of blue green algae., Madras. Pp.227-235.

Susheela, M.R. and Goyal, S.K. (1995). Growth and nitrogen fixing potential of Cyanobacteria. Phykos. 34: 131-134.

Tandeau, de M. and Howard, J. (1993). Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps to the worlds molecular mechanism. FEMS. Microbiological Review. 104:119-120.

Trivedi, M. K. and Goel, P. G. (1984). Environmental Publication, Karad. Pp. 247.

Tiwari, G.L., Singh, Y.P., Kant, R and Halder, N. C. (2008) Distribution pattern of Nostocacean taxa of Allahabad and adjoining areas. Nat. J. Life Scs. 5(2): 43-47.

Venkataraman, G.S. (1972). Algal biofertilizer and rice cultivation. Pub. Today and Tomorrow’s, New Delhi.

Zhang, Y.M., Wu, N., Zhang, B.C. and Zhang, J. (2010). Species composition, distribution pattern and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Journal of Arid Land. 2(3): 180-189.