Cyanobacterial diversity and physicochemical study of different blocks of Howrah district in West Bengal, India

Nikhil Chandra Halder

Nikhil Chandra Halder Department of Botany, Uluberia College (University of Calcutta), Uluberia, Howrah 711 315, West Bengal, India

Keywords: Cyanobacteria, distribution pattern, ecology, physicochemical

Abstract

Present research paper deals with continued three successive years (2011 - 2014) studied for the first time the occurrence of Cyanobacteria in rice growing fields of Howrah district in West Bengal. Altogether 847 times representation of 38 species of Nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria samples belonging to 22 genera and four orders i.e., Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Stigonematales were isolated from various rice growing localities. The physicochemical 11 parameters i.e., pH, EC, Temperature, Humidity, Total Nitrogen, Organic Carbon, C/N ratio, soil N, P, K and soil texture were chosen for this study. Present study revealed that comparatively less pH and lesser number of Cyanobacteria were growing in Rabi i.e., November to June in comparison to Kharif crop season i.e., July to October. The increasing range of soil pH was certainly the important factor for the development of BGA.

References

Bischoff, H.W and Bold, H.C. (1963). Phycological studies IV. Some soil algae from Enchanted Rock related Algal Species. The Univ. of Texas. Publication No. 6318:9.
Chu, S.P. (1942). The influence of mineral composition of the medium of the growth of planktonic algal Methods and Culture media. J. Ecol. 30: 284-325.
Debnath, M., Mandal, N.C. and Ray, S. (2009). The study of cyanobacterial flora from geothermal spring of Bakreswar, West Bengal, India. Algae.24(4): 129-138.
Desikachary, T.V. (1959). Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi. Pp. 700.
Deka, M. and Bordoloi, R.P.M. (1991). Studies on the blue green algae from rice fields of Assam: A qualitative assessment. Phykos. 30: 173-180.
Geitler, L. (1932). Cyanophyceae. In: Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamenflora. Akademische Verlagsgesselschaft, Leipzig. Gomes, A.F.D.E., Veeresh, A.V. and Rodrigues, B.F. (2011). Density and diversity of blue green algae from the rice fields of Goa. I.J.A.B.R. 1(1): 08-14.

Jain, N. (2015). Diversity of blue-green algae and study on related physico-chemical parameters of paddy fields of Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Int. J. Res. Dev. Pharm. L. Sci. 4(2): 1456-1462.
Komarek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (1986). Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes, 2 Chroococcales Arch. Hydrobiol Suppl. 73, Algological Studies. 43:157- 226.
Komarek, J. and K. Anagnostidis, 1988 Modern approach of the classification system of Cyanophytes nostocales. Arch. Hydrobiol Suppl. 82.3, Algological studies 3rd part. 247-345.
Keshri, J.P. and Chatterjee, S. (2010). First record of two cyanoprokaryotes: Oscillatoria (Oscillatoriales) and Nostoc (Nostocales) endophytic within an angiosperm Alternanthera sessilis R.Br. (Amaranthaceae). Algological Studies. 135: 83-88.
Kimura, M. (2000). Anaerobic microbiology in waterlogged rice fields. In: Bollag, J.M., Stotzky, G. (Eds.), Soil Biochemistry, vol. 10. Marcel Dekker, New York. Pp.35– 138.
Kirk, G. (2004). The Biogeochemistry of Submerged Soils. Wiley, Chichester, Pp. 291.
Kumar, A. and Sahu, R. (2012). Diversity of Algae (Cholorophyceae) in Paddy Fields of Lalgutwa Area, Ranchi, Jharkhand. J App Pharm Sci. 2(11): 092-095.
Kumar, S. R. S. and Rao, K. V. B. (2012). Biological nitrogen fixation: A Review. Int. J. Adv. Life Sci. 1: 1-6.
Naik, H., Sahu,. J.K. and Adhikari, S.P. (1997) Blue green algae of rice fields of Orissa state II. Growth and Nitrogen fixing potential. Phykos. 35: 111-118.
Nayak, S., Prasanna, R., Dominic, T.K., Singh, P.K. (2001). Floristic abundance and relative distribution of different cyanobacterial genera in rice field soil at different crop growth stages. Phykos. 40:14-21.
Song.T., L.Martensson,T., Eriksson, W. Zheng and U. Rasmussen. (2005). Biodiversity and seasonal variation of the cyanobacterial assemblage in a rice paddy field in Fujian, China. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 54:131-140.
Starmach, K. (1966). Cyanophyta-sinice Glaucophyta Glaukofity Panstwowe Wydawnitwo Naukowe. Warszawa. Pp. 807.
Stanier, R.Y., Kunisawa, R., Mandel, M. and Cohen-Bazire, G. (1971). Purification and properties of Unicellular Blue Green Algae (Order Chroococcales). Bact. Rev. 35:171-205.
Saika, P. and Bordoloi, R.P.M. (1994). Blue green algal flora from rice fields of Assam. Phykos. 33: 53-57.
Singh, B.V., Choudhary, K.K., Dhar, D.W. and Singh, P.K. (2001). Occurrence of some Nostocales from 24 Paraganas, W.B. Phykos. 40: 83-87.
Singh, R., Singh, R.P. and Singh, D.V. (2015). Distribution of cyanobacteria (bluegreen algae) in rice fields of Varanasi. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3(8): 1055 – 1060.
Stewart. W.D.P. (1972). Heterocysts of blue green algae. In: Desikachary. T.V. ed. Taxonomy and biology of blue green algae., Madras. Pp.227-235.
Susheela, M.R. and Goyal, S.K. (1995) Growth and nitrogen fixing potential of Cyanobacteria. Phykos. 34:131-134.
Tandeau de Marsac and Howard, J. (1993). Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps totheworlds molecular mechanism. FEMS. Microbiological review. 104: 119- 120.
Trivedi M K, Goel P G. (1984). Environmental Publication, Karad. Pp. 247. Tiwari, G.L., Singh, Y.P., Kant, R and Halder, N. C. (2008) Distribution pattern of Nostocacean taxa of Allahabad and adjoining areas. Nat. J. Life Sci. 5(2): 43-47.
Venkataraman, G.S. (1972). Algal bio-fertilizer and rice cultivation. Pub. Today and Tomorrow’s, New Delhi.
Zhang, Y.M., Wu, N., Zhang, B.C. and Zhang, J. (2010). Species composition, distribution pattern and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Journal of Arid Land. 2(3): 180-189.