Remedial effects of aged Garlic extract during acute and chronic arsenic exposure in mice
Keywords:
Acute and chronic toxicity, aged garlic extract, arsenic trioxide, miceAbstract
Regular oral supplementation of aged Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract during acute (5mg/kg body weight at a time, intraperitoneally, for five days) and chronic arsenic exposures (0.2 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally, weekly for 12 weeks) to Swiss albino mice was investigated. Bradford assay and gel electrophoresis study exhibited that the total protein contents in some tissues had decreased by the arsenic toxicity, but revived by garlic supplementation. In vitro study revealed that the inhibition of the activities of some enzymes like lipid peroxidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, extracted from arsenic-treated liver, kidney, spleen and thymus tissues was reversed by the incubation of the said tissues with garlic extract. The atomic absorption spectrometric study displayed that the arsenic accumulation in garlic-fed mice was much less compared to that in unfed mice. These results elucidated the promising role of garlic against arsenic toxicity.
References
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Wilber, K.M., Baerheim, F. and Shapiro, O.W. (1949). The Thiobarbituric acid reagent as a test for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid by various reagents. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 24: 304–311.
Zhang, Z. Y., and Van Etten, R. L. (1991). Presteady-state and steady-state kinetic analysis of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase from bovine heart. J. Bid. Chem. 266: 1516- 1525.
Borek, C. (2001). Antioxidant Health Effects of Aged Garlic Extract. J. Nutr. 131: 1010– 1015.
Bradford M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
Challenger, F. (1945). Biological methylation. Chem. Rev. 36: 315–361.
Chiou, H. Y., Hsueh, Y-M., Liaw, K. F., Horng, S. F., Chiang, M. H., Pu, Y. S., Lin, J. S. N., Huang, C.H. and Chen, C. J. (1995). Incidence of internal cancers and ingested inorganic arsenic, a seven-year follow-up study in Taiwan. Cancer Res. 55: 1296- 1300.
Chowdhury, R., Dutta, A., Ray Chaudhuri, S., Sharma, N., Giri, A.K. and Chaudhuri, K. (2008). In vitro and in vivo reduction of sodium arsenite induced toxicity by aqueous garlic extract. Food and Chem. Toxicol. 46: 740–751.
Dong, J.T. and Luo, X.M. (1993). Arsenic-induced DNA-strand breaks associated with DNAprotein crosslinks in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Mutat. Res. 302: 97-102.
Gailer, J., George, G.N., Pickering, I.J., Prince, R.C., Ringwald, S.C., Pemberton, J.E, Glass, R.S., Younis, H.S., De Young, D.W. and Aposhian, H.V. (2000). A Metabolic Link between Arsenite and Selenite: The Seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) Arsinium Ion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122: 4637-4639.
Hughes, M.F. (2002). Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanisms of action. Toxicol. Lett. 133: 1–16. Imai J., Ide N., Nagae S., Moriguchi T., Matsuura H. and Itakura Y. (1994). Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of aged garlic extract and its constituents. Planta. Med. 60: 417-420.
Jolliffe, D.M., Budd, A.J. and Gwit, D.J. (1991). Massive acute arsenic poisoning. Anaesthesia. 46: 288–299.
Kannan, G.M. and Flora, S.J.S., (2004). Chronic arsenic poisoning in the rats: treatment with combined administration of succimers and an antioxidants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 58: 37-43.
Kasuga, S., Uda, N., Kyo, E., Ushijima, M., Morihara, N. and Itakura, Y. (2001). Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations. J. Nutr. 131: 1080–1084.
Kenyon, E.M., Hughes, M.F. and Levander, O.A. (1997). Influence of dietary selenium on the disposition of arsenate in the female B6C3F1 mouse. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 51: 279 –299.
Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680- 685.
Lovell, M.A., Ehmann, W.D., Butler, S.M. and Markesbery, W.R. (1995). Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 45: 1594-1601.
Modi, M, Kaul, R.K., Kannan, G.M. and Flora, S.J.S. (2006). Preventive Effects of Zinc and N-acetylcysteine Administration against Arsenic Intoxication in Rats. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 20: 179-204.
Modi, M., Pathak, U., Kalia, K. and Flora, S.J.S. (2005). Arsenic antagonism studies with monoisoamyl DMSA and zinc in male mice. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 19: 131-138.
Mückter, H., Liebl, B., Reichl, F.X., Hunder, G., Walther, U. and Fichtl, B. (1997). Are we ready to replace dimercaprol (BAL) as an arsenic antidote? Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16: 460-465.
Neiger, R.D. and Osweiler, G.D. (1989). Effect of subacute low level dietary sodium arsenite on dogs. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 13: 439-451.
Ramanathan, K., Balakumar, B.S. and Panneerselvam, C. (2002). Effects of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol on arsenicinduced oxidative stress. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 21: 675-680.
Snider, T.H., Wientjes, M.G., Joiner, R.L. and Fisher, G.L. (1990). Arsenic distribution in rabbits after Lewisite administration and treatment with British Anti-Lewisite (BAL). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 14: 262–272.
Tabassum N. E. (2006). Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the removal of arsenic from arsenic-loaded isolated liver tissues of rat. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 1: 27-32.
Vahter, M. (2002). Mechanisms of arsenic biotransformation. Toxicology. Pp. 181– 182, Pp. 211–217. Vaughan, D. J. (2006). Arsenic. Elements. 2: 71- 75.
Vilensky, J.A. and Redman, K. (2003). British anti-lewisite (dimercaprol): An amazing history. Ann. Emerg. Med. 41: 378-383.
Walter, K. and Schutt, C. (1974). Acid and alkaline phosphatase in serum (Two point method), in: Bergmeyer, H. U. (Ed.), 'Methods of Enzymatic Analysis'. Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, Sanfrancisco, London. Pp. 856-860.
Wang, E.E., Mahajan, N., Wills, B. and Leikin, J. (2007). Successful treatment of potentially fatal heavy metal poisonings. J. Emerg. Med. 32: 289–294.
Wilber, K.M., Baerheim, F. and Shapiro, O.W. (1949). The Thiobarbituric acid reagent as a test for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid by various reagents. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 24: 304–311.
Zhang, Z. Y., and Van Etten, R. L. (1991). Presteady-state and steady-state kinetic analysis of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase from bovine heart. J. Bid. Chem. 266: 1516- 1525.
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Published
2016-08-30
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Pal, T. K., & Kundu, S. N. (2016). Remedial effects of aged Garlic extract during acute and chronic arsenic exposure in mice. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 6, 1–11. Retrieved from https://qtanalytics.in/journals/index.php/IJERR/article/view/1361
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