Statement on Publication Ethics & Malpractice

(i) Double-blind peer review processes are used to assure the highest levels of quality and fairness in the publishing policy.
(ii) To ensure the quality of our peer review procedure, the International Journal of Experimental Research and Review assigns it to members of our editorial board and/ or eminent reviewers.
(iii) All authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to declare any possible conflicts of interest when submitting their work to the journal. A conflict of interest is defined as any interest or connection, financial or otherwise, that might potentially impact objectivity.
(iv) International Journal of Experimental Research and Review is not a registered member of the Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE). But International Journal of Experimental Research and Review follows the best practices as defined by the Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE) and is open to the views and opinions of authors, reviewers and editorial board members. The International Journal of Experimental Research and Review adheres to the highest academic integrity standards and always follows COPE guidelines (COPE Guidelines: https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines). So, the provisions address ethical issues for Journal Editors as recommended and advised by Journal's advisory committee and other standard sources/practices.
(v) UGC (University Grant Commission, India, www.ugc.ac.in) established executive board members with eminent research scientists and academic persons to maintain academic and research integrity and publication ethics (https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/apps1/home/index).

From 2021, the Journal's executive members strictly monitor several ethical issues such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. The journal has requested a write-up from authors in the form of percentages of text similarity. Executive members have now double-checked such similarities with the help of the Journal's Turnitin plagiarism software. The Statement on Publication Ethics & Malpractice thoroughly explains all other important facts relating to numerous misbehaviour categories.

The double-blind peer-review process is used to ensure the highest quality and fair policy of evaluation and publication process to maintain the highest ethical standards and avoid plagiarism. Submitted research articles are assessed and reviewed by specialist Reviewers (one from India and one from abroad) as invited for specific discipline using the double-blind peer review process to ensure the highest quality and fair policy of evaluation and publication process to maintain the highest ethical standards

(vi) Regarding legal, copyright infringement, and plagiarism problems, the Editors are directed by the journal's policies and bound by any legal obligations that may be in effect.

(vii) A conflict of interest occurs when an author's or reviewer's professional judgement and impartiality are harmed or influenced by money or other personal factors. To minimise bias, authors and reviewers should state any conflicts of interest relevant to the work under consideration (i.e., financial and personal ties that can interfere with the interpretation of the work).

(viii) Without the author's explicit written approval, any unpublished materials described in a submitted paper may not be utilised in any editor's research.

(ix) When an editor receives ethical objections about a submitted manuscript or a published article, he or she should work with the publisher to take reasonable action. Such measures typically entail contacting the manuscript or paper's author and giving due consideration to the respective complaint or claim(s) made. However, they may also entail additional communication with relevant institutions and research bodies, and, if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as appropriate, even if it is discovered years after publication.

(x) There are numerous national, regional, and institutional guidelines and requirements that should be followed when conducting research involving human or animal subjects (such as the WMA Helsinki Declaration, NIH Policy on the Use of Laboratory Animals, and European Union Directive) and authors must certify that their research has been approved by appropriate ethical committees and/or review boards. Human subjects' privacy and informed permission are also important considerations for authors.

(xi) The authors will be notified of their misconduct and given the opportunity to explain their actions if sufficient evidence is discovered to support any allegations of wrongdoing on their side. The paper may be rejected or retracted by the journal and deleted from the journal website if the author(s) cannot adequately defend the case.

(xii) Institutional, national, and/or international norms must be followed while doing experimental plant research. Additionally, field research must be conducted by the rules established by the institution, the country, and/or the International community.

(xiii) Authors who have committed misconduct will be notified and given an opportunity to explain their actions if sufficient proof is uncovered. Authors who are unable to present their argument adequately risk having their paper rejected or retracted by their journal and then deleted from the publication's website.

Misconduct Handling:
(i) If a reviewer or reader points out any misbehaviour, the journal examines the matter and takes necessary action based on the evidence(s) available.
(ii) Once sufficient evidence has been uncovered to substantiate the misconduct, the author(s) are notified of the misbehaviour and requested to explain within a certain time limit.
(iii) The publisher, in concert with the editors, shall take all relevant actions and revise the paper in issue in situations of claimed or proved scientific misconduct, fraudulent publishing, or plagiarism. In the most serious cases, this may entail the quick publishing of an erratum, addendum, clarification, or retraction of the published work.
(iv) The publisher will make reasonable efforts to detect and prevent publishing articles that may include potential misconduct and will not promote such misconduct or allow publication of the concerned work under any circumstances.
(v) All authors must follow the terms and conditions as well as the International Journal of Experimental Research and Review's decision(s) on any possible or actual misbehaviour.

Plagiarism Policy:

To plagiarise is to take another author's thoughts or phrases" and portray them as one's own original work by wrongfully appropriating and stealing and publishing. Journal of Experimental Research and Review strongly condemns this kind of unauthorised copying.

Plagiarism is defined as follows:

(i) Changing the words but replicating the sentence structure of a source without providing a reference is considered plagiarism.
(ii) Copying words or ideas from someone else without providing reference is considered plagiarism.
(iii) Using someone else's work as your own is unethical.
(iv) Putting your name on someone else's essay or effort is considered plagiarism.
(v) Failure to enclose a quote inside quotation marks.
(vi) Falsely identifying the source of a quote.
(vii) Plagiarism cannot be prevented only by altering the terms of a source. No matter how significantly you modify the context or presentation of a source's basic concept, you have plagiarised it if you have not mentioned it. This is true even if you have kept the source's essential idea. The majority of instances of plagiarism, on the other hand, may be prevented simply by crediting sources.

Plagiarism may typically be avoided by simply declaring that particular content has been taken and giving your readers the information they need to locate the original source.

 Declaratory statement against plagiarism, Upon submitting a work for consideration for publication in the International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, the author/authors (all authors of the article) guarantee that:

(i) To ensure that all sources consulted in the writing of the article or project have been recognized and properly cited, writers, sign a declaration before submitting their work for publication.

(ii) Using another person's idea or published work in order to pass it off as one's own is plagiarism, and authors are well aware that doing so is unlawful and bad. They also understand what plagiarism is and how it works. The students are also aware that plagiarism is defined as the intentional appropriation of another person's idea or published work in order to pass it off as one's own.

(iii) Unless otherwise stated, the author(s) take full responsibility for the work they have done, the material in the article, and any errors or omissions in the citations.

We take action against plagiarism-
(i) The double-blind peer-review process is used to ensure the highest quality and fair policy of evaluation and publication process to maintain the highest ethical standards and avoid plagiarism. Submitted research articles are assessed and reviewed by specialist Reviewers (one from India and one from abroad) as invited for specific discipline using the double-blind peer review process to ensure the highest quality and fair policy of evaluation and publication process to maintain the highest ethical standards.
(ii) Executive members have now double-checked such similarities with the help of the Journal's Turnitin plagiarism software.
(iii) Provide the author/authors with precise information.

Authorship:
#Authorship carries responsibility and gives a researcher credit for their contributions to a study.
#Each author must have contributed significantly to the idea or design of the work, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the development of new software used in the work, the writing of the work, or its considerable revision.
#AND to have given final approval to the version submitted (and any significantly revised version including the author's contribution to the study).
# AND to have agreed both to be personally accountable for the author's own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work, even ones in which the author was not personally involved, are appropriately investigated, resolved, and the resolution documented in the literature.
#Colleagues in the areas where the study is being conducted are encouraged to collaborate, and when they meet the above-mentioned requirements for authorship, International Journal of Experimental Research and Review expects to include them as co-authors. Those who contributed but didn't match the requirements for authorship should be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section.
#The letter of submission for a research paper is not required to be signed by every author, and the list of authors is not required to be in any particular order by the International Journal of Experimental Research and Review. When an article is submitted to an International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, the journal assumes that all of the listed authors have approved of the article's contents, including the author list and author contribution statements. The corresponding author is in charge of managing all correspondence between the journal and all co-authors before and after publication. This includes making sure that all authors have approved the manuscript submission to the journal and have agreed to be so listed. On behalf of all authors of the manuscript, the corresponding author must also submit a competing interests statement.
#All information in the proof, including co-authors' names, addresses, and affiliations, is the responsibility of the corresponding author after acceptance.
#After publication, questions about the paper are directed to the corresponding author. They are accountable for keeping all co-authors updated on any issues pertaining to the published paper and making sure that issues are resolved quickly. If authors discover any errors in previously published work, they have a duty to notify the journal as soon as possible.

Authors and Authors’ Responsibilities:
(i) By submitting a manuscript to the International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, the author(s) guarantee that the manuscript is the result of their original research or review work, and that it has not been previously published or is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. They also guarantee that any ideas and/or words in the text that are not their own have been appropriately credited via citations and/or quotations.
(ii) The identities of the authors are hidden. Editors and reviewers are required to treat papers with the utmost confidentiality.
(iii) The authors advised avoiding copying and pasting while preparing the manuscript(s).
(iv) Authors must prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the journal's criteria. Otherwise, it will not be processed for publication.
(v) The manuscript(s) should provide enough information and references to allow others to duplicate the work. Review articles should be truthful, impartial, and complete, with 'opinions' or 'perspectives' explicitly identified as such. False or obviously erroneous remarks may be regarded unethical behaviour/ practice and, as a result, unacceptable.
(vi) The submitted manuscript(s) must demonstrate originality in idea and substance (s).
(vii) Authors must ensure that any study involving human or animal subjects adheres to relevant national, local, and institutional guidelines and requirements (e.g., WMA Declaration of Helsinki [https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/] & [https://www.med.or.jp/dl-med/wma/helsinki2013e.pdf] , NIH Policy [https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals.pdf] & [https://olaw.nih.gov/policies-laws/phs-policy.htm] on the Use of Laboratory Animals, European Animal Research Association [https://www.eara.eu/animal-research-law]) and that appropriate ethical committee and/or review boards have been sought and obtained. Authors should also ensure that human subjects have informed permission and respect their privacy.

Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval:
#Activities involving "human subjects" and endangered animals for any type of research must be reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the research facility where the work has been done.
# The IRB is in charge of deciding whether research proposals and activities conform to these definitions and whether IRB review and approval are necessary. These decisions may be made by an IRB Member who has been designated by the IRB Chair as an expedited reviewer.
#A grant or contract supporting the research, data collection forms, and other materials (such as assessments, questionnaires, etc.) to be used in the project should all be included with the Research with Human Subjects Determination Form in order to receive an official determination of whether a project involves human subjects. Informal inquiry regarding the possibility of needing IRB review and approval do not need submitting the Determination Form.
#The Form with the signed/dated determination will be returned to the Investigator as formal documentation once the IRB Analyst has made their decision.

More details, you may find the link.
(viii) At any point throughout the publishing process, all authors must disclose any possible conflict(s) of interest, such as when an author has a competing interest (actual or perceived) that might be regarded or seen as having an undue influence on their obligations and/or tasks. In addition, any financial or other substantial conflicts of interest that might be perceived as influencing the findings or interpretation of their paper must be disclosed by all authors in their submission.
(ix) The journal needs to be notified when an author submits their work. When a substantial mistake is discovered in a published article, editors or the publisher should be informed immediately. If an erratum, addendum, corrigendum, or retraction of the manuscript is found to be appropriate or required, authors must work with the journal to have it published.
(x) Accurate citations and references to particular papers, authors, and publications are anticipated in the manuscript preparation process (s).
(xi) In order to improve their work, authors must acknowledge and repair their faults and take into account the recommendations of the reviewers and/or editors.
(xii) Whatever sources are accessed and utilised throughout the research must be acknowledged in the paper for publication.
(xiii) All co-authors must have viewed and accepted the final version of the paper before it is submitted for publication, according to the corresponding author(s).
(xiv) If the research includes substances, methods, or equipment, the author must explicitly describe any possible hazard(s) connected with their usage in the article.
(xv) All sources of funding/grant/financial support must be disclosed in the manuscript.
(xvi) Once sufficient evidence has been uncovered to indicate any misconduct on the part of any of the writers, the author(s) will be notified of their misbehaviour and given the opportunity to explain the situation. If the author(s) cannot adequately defend the case, the paper may be rejected/ retracted and deleted from the journal's website.
(xvii) Authors must keep accurate records of any data related to their manuscripts and supply/provide access to any such data upon reasonable request. Such data may be submitted to a proper repository for sharing and further use by others, when acceptable and/or approved by the employer, funding organisation, etc.
(xviii) Institutional, National, and/or International norms must be followed while doing experimental plant research. Field research must also follow institutional, national, and/or international criteria, and the necessary permits and/or permissions must be secured before work can begin.