Study of the efficiency of Neuropteran predator, Hemerobius indicus Kimmins as potential biocontrol agent of notorious aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch) on Brassica campestris Linn. (cv. B-9)
Keywords:
Biocontrol agent, Brassica, Hemerobius, Lipaphis, predator diversity
Abstract
The Brassica oil crops are the world’s third most important source of edible oil. Brassica campestris Linn., an important oilseed crop of India is cultivated largely in Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is a serious pest of cruciferous (Brassica) crops in India. The development of resistance to pesticides and toxicity to the non target organism is largely responsible for the attention on biological control. Natural predators can bring down pesticide use against pest in a proper IPM (Integrated Pest Management) strategy. Neuroptera (Insecta) are proven biological control agents against aphids. In the present investigation Hemerobius indicus Kimmins, a neuropteran predator, was reared on Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch), an important aphid pest of Brassica campestris (cv.B-9). Their development and aphid annihilation capability were assessed. Duration of egg, larval, pupal stages and the adult longevity were 6-7 day, 17-23 day, 10-12 day and 9-13 day respectively while feeding on Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch) at 21± 3.9ºC. Yield and morphological parameters of Brassica campestris Linn.(cv.B-9) were quantified and compared viz. Neuroptera and predator complex-controlled aphid infested plots were compared with that of uncontrolled and insecticide-controlled plot of Brassica campestris Linn. (cv.B-9). Results showed that during the early stages of plant development of Brassica campestris Linn. (cv.B-9) the predator Hemerobius indicus alone could be a safe replacement of insecticide in terms of yield of Brassica campestris Linn. (cv.B-9) only when the aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch), population is relatively low.
References
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Bakhetia, D.R.C., Brar, K.S. and Sekhon, B.S. (1986). Bio-efficacy of some insecticides for the control of aphid, L. erysimi on rapeseed and mustard. Ind. J. of Entom. 48(2): 137-143.
Bakhetia , D.R.C. and Sekhon, B.S. (1989). Insect-pests and their management in rapeseed-mustard. Journal of Oilseeds Research. 6: 269-299.
Banerjee, A., Datta, J.K. and Mondal, N.K. (2010). Impact of different combined doses of fertilizers with plant growth regulators on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica campestris cv. B9) under old alluvial soil of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Front. Agric. China. 4 (3): 341–351.
Bankowska, R., Mikolajczyk, W., Palmowska, J. and Trojan, P. (1978). Aphidaphidophage community in alfalfacultures (Medicago sativa) in Poland. III. Abundance regulation of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) in a chain of oligophagus predators. Ann. Zool. 34: 39-77.
Biswas, P. and Ghosh, R. (2016). Effective weed management practices to control complex weed flora in different cultivars of hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 2: 14-19.
Brar, K.S., Bakhetia, D.R.C. and Sekhon, B.S. (1987). Estimation of losses in yield of rapeseed-mustard due to mustard aphid. Journal of Oilseeds Research. 4: 261-264.
Burges, H. D. and Hussey, N. W. (1971). Microbial control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.
Cardinale, B.J., Harvey, C.T., Gross, K. and Ives, A.R. (2003). Biodiversity and biocontrol: emergent impacts of a multi-enemy assemblage on pest suppression and crop yield in an agroeco-system. Ecol Lett. 6: 857–865.
Carvalho, F. P. (2006). Agriculture pesticides, food security and food safety. Enviro. Sci. Pol. 9: 685–692.
Curtright, C. R. (1923). Life history of Micromus posticus Walk. J. Ecol. Ent. 16: 448-456.
Denoth, M., Frid, L. and Myers, J.H. (2002). Multiple agents in biological control: improving the odds? Biol. Control. 24: 20–30.
Dey, S. R. (2014a). Developmental stages of Hemerobius indicus Kimmins (Hemerobiidae: Neuroptera) from Western Himalaya, India. The Beats of Natural Sciences. 1(3): 1-8.
Dey, S. R. (2014b). Survey report of the beneficial predator, Neuroptera (Insecta) from Murshidabad district, West Bengal. J. Environ. Sociobiol. 11(1): 37-41.
Dey, S. R. (2014c). Aphid Pest Management with Neuroptera (Insecta). The Beats of Natural Sciences. 1(1): 1-5.
Dey, S. R. (2014d). Survey and identification of Predator Biodiversity of Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch) for designing integrated Pest Management Strategy. Proceedings of UGC Sponsored National Conference on Biodiversity: Interrelationship between Flora, Fauna and Human organized by Department of Anthropology, Botany and Zoology of Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Vidyapith Road, Birati, Kolkata in Collaboration with Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal on 29th & 30th September, 2013. Pp. 127-131.
Dey, S. R. (2014e). Biological control of aphids by Neuroptera (Insecta): Progress towards environment friendly Integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. Proceedings of the UGC sponsored State Level seminar on ‘Progress of Science vis-à-vis Environment’ organized by Sarojini Naidu College for Women in collaboration with Motijheel college on 14th January, 2013. Pp. 64- 69.
Dey, S. R. and Bhattacharya, D. K. (1997). Development And Larval Voracity of An Aphidophagous Predator, Hemerobius indicus Kimmins (Hemerobiidae: Neuroptera) In Garhwal Range Of Western Himalaya. J. Aphidology. 11(1): 129-131.
Garland, J. A. (1978). Reinterpretation of information on exotic brown lacewing (Neuroptera : Hemerobiidae) used in a biocontrol programme in Canada. Manitoba Entomologist. 12: 25-28.
Gautam, R.D. and Tesfaye, A. (2002). Potential of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in crop pest management. New Agriculturist.13 (1/2): 147-158.
Hagen, K. S. (1962). Biology and Ecology of Predacious Coccinellidae. Annual Review of Entomology. 7: 289-326.
Hagen, K. S. and Vanden Bosch, R. 1968. Impact of pathogen, parasites and predators on aphids. Annual Review of Entomology. 13: 325-385.
Hamilton, G. (2000). When good bugs turn bad. New Scientist. 165 (2221): 31-33.
Hodek, I. (1966). Ecology of Aphidophagous Insect. Prague. Pp. 360.
Kakehashi, N., Suzuki, Y. & Iwasa, Y. (1984). Niche overlap of parasitoids in host parasitoid systems – its consequence to single versus multiple introduction controversy in biological control. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 115–131.
Khurana, A.D. & Batra, G.R. (1989). Bioefficacy and persistence of insecticides against Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt. ). Journal of Insect Science. 2 (2) : 139-145 Kulkarni, N. and Joshi, K.C. (1998). Botanical pesticides as future alternatives to chemical in forests insect management. SAIC Newsletter. 8 (1): 3.
Michaud, J.P. and B. Belliure. (2000). Consequences of founders aggregation in the brown citrus aphid. Toxoptera citricida. Ecol. Entomol. 25: 307‒314.
Moznette, G. F. (1915). The brown lacewing Hemerobius pacificus Banks. In, Second Biennial Crop Pest and Horticultural Report, 1913-1914.
Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station. Pp.181-183. New, T. R. (1989). Neuroptera. In, Minks, A. K. and Harewijn, P. (eds.) Aphids their biology, natural enemies and control. 'World Crop Pests', Research Institute for Plant Protection Publication, Elsevier, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Pp.249-258.
Niemczyk, E. (1988). Effectiveness of aphidophaga in apple orchards. In, Niemczyk, E and Dixon, A. F. G. (eds.). Academic Publishing. Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. Pp.215- 217.
Readshaw, J. L. (1973). The numerical response of predator to prey density. J. Appl. Ecol. 10: 342-345.
Roubinet, E., Straub, C., Jonsson, T., Staudacher, K., Traugott, M., Ekbom, B. and Jonsson, M. (2015). Additive effects of predator diversity on pest control caused by few interactions among predator species. Ecol. Entomol. 40: 362–371.
Sarwar, M. (2013). Studies on Incidence of Insect Pests (Aphids) and Their Natural Enemies in Canola Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) Crop Ecosystem. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences. 1 (5):78-84.
Singh, H., Gupta, D.S., Yadav, T.P. and Dhawan, K. (1980). Post harvest losses caused by aphid L. erysimi and Painted bug B. cruiciferarum to mustard. Haryana Agri. Univ. J. of Res. 10(3): 407-409.
Straub, C.S., Finke, D.L. and Snyder, W.E. (2008). Are the conservation of natural enemy biodiversity and biological control compatible goals? Biol Control. 45: 225–237.
Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D. and Greenstone, M. (2002). Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? Ann. Rev. Entomol. 47: 561- 595.
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Daane, K.M. and Hagen, K.S. (2000). Commercialization of predators: recent lessons from green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysoperla). American Entomologist. 46 (1): 26-38.
Tylianakis, J.M. and Romo, C.M. (2010). Natural enemy diversity and biological control: making sense of the context- dependency. Basic Appl. Ecol. 11: 657– 668.
Verma, K.D. (2000). Economically important aphids and their management, Pp. 144-162. In: Upadhyay, R.K., Mukherji, K.G. and Dubey, O.P. (eds). IPM System in Agriculture. Vol.7 Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Warwick, S.I., Francis, A. and Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (2006). Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Plant Syst. Evol. 259: 249-258.
Williams, F. X. (1927). The brown Australian Lacewings (Micromus vinaceus). Hawaiian Planterer's Record. 31: 146-149.
Winterton S.L., Hardy, N.B. and Wiegmann, B.M. (2010). On wings of lace: phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimates of Neuropterida (Insecta) based on morphological and molecular data. Systematic Entomology. 35(3): 349–378.
Bakhetia, D.R.C., Brar, K.S. and Sekhon, B.S. (1986). Bio-efficacy of some insecticides for the control of aphid, L. erysimi on rapeseed and mustard. Ind. J. of Entom. 48(2): 137-143.
Bakhetia , D.R.C. and Sekhon, B.S. (1989). Insect-pests and their management in rapeseed-mustard. Journal of Oilseeds Research. 6: 269-299.
Banerjee, A., Datta, J.K. and Mondal, N.K. (2010). Impact of different combined doses of fertilizers with plant growth regulators on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica campestris cv. B9) under old alluvial soil of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Front. Agric. China. 4 (3): 341–351.
Bankowska, R., Mikolajczyk, W., Palmowska, J. and Trojan, P. (1978). Aphidaphidophage community in alfalfacultures (Medicago sativa) in Poland. III. Abundance regulation of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) in a chain of oligophagus predators. Ann. Zool. 34: 39-77.
Biswas, P. and Ghosh, R. (2016). Effective weed management practices to control complex weed flora in different cultivars of hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review (IJERR). 2: 14-19.
Brar, K.S., Bakhetia, D.R.C. and Sekhon, B.S. (1987). Estimation of losses in yield of rapeseed-mustard due to mustard aphid. Journal of Oilseeds Research. 4: 261-264.
Burges, H. D. and Hussey, N. W. (1971). Microbial control of Insects and Mites. Academic Press, New York.
Cardinale, B.J., Harvey, C.T., Gross, K. and Ives, A.R. (2003). Biodiversity and biocontrol: emergent impacts of a multi-enemy assemblage on pest suppression and crop yield in an agroeco-system. Ecol Lett. 6: 857–865.
Carvalho, F. P. (2006). Agriculture pesticides, food security and food safety. Enviro. Sci. Pol. 9: 685–692.
Curtright, C. R. (1923). Life history of Micromus posticus Walk. J. Ecol. Ent. 16: 448-456.
Denoth, M., Frid, L. and Myers, J.H. (2002). Multiple agents in biological control: improving the odds? Biol. Control. 24: 20–30.
Dey, S. R. (2014a). Developmental stages of Hemerobius indicus Kimmins (Hemerobiidae: Neuroptera) from Western Himalaya, India. The Beats of Natural Sciences. 1(3): 1-8.
Dey, S. R. (2014b). Survey report of the beneficial predator, Neuroptera (Insecta) from Murshidabad district, West Bengal. J. Environ. Sociobiol. 11(1): 37-41.
Dey, S. R. (2014c). Aphid Pest Management with Neuroptera (Insecta). The Beats of Natural Sciences. 1(1): 1-5.
Dey, S. R. (2014d). Survey and identification of Predator Biodiversity of Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch) for designing integrated Pest Management Strategy. Proceedings of UGC Sponsored National Conference on Biodiversity: Interrelationship between Flora, Fauna and Human organized by Department of Anthropology, Botany and Zoology of Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Vidyapith Road, Birati, Kolkata in Collaboration with Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal on 29th & 30th September, 2013. Pp. 127-131.
Dey, S. R. (2014e). Biological control of aphids by Neuroptera (Insecta): Progress towards environment friendly Integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. Proceedings of the UGC sponsored State Level seminar on ‘Progress of Science vis-à-vis Environment’ organized by Sarojini Naidu College for Women in collaboration with Motijheel college on 14th January, 2013. Pp. 64- 69.
Dey, S. R. and Bhattacharya, D. K. (1997). Development And Larval Voracity of An Aphidophagous Predator, Hemerobius indicus Kimmins (Hemerobiidae: Neuroptera) In Garhwal Range Of Western Himalaya. J. Aphidology. 11(1): 129-131.
Garland, J. A. (1978). Reinterpretation of information on exotic brown lacewing (Neuroptera : Hemerobiidae) used in a biocontrol programme in Canada. Manitoba Entomologist. 12: 25-28.
Gautam, R.D. and Tesfaye, A. (2002). Potential of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in crop pest management. New Agriculturist.13 (1/2): 147-158.
Hagen, K. S. (1962). Biology and Ecology of Predacious Coccinellidae. Annual Review of Entomology. 7: 289-326.
Hagen, K. S. and Vanden Bosch, R. 1968. Impact of pathogen, parasites and predators on aphids. Annual Review of Entomology. 13: 325-385.
Hamilton, G. (2000). When good bugs turn bad. New Scientist. 165 (2221): 31-33.
Hodek, I. (1966). Ecology of Aphidophagous Insect. Prague. Pp. 360.
Kakehashi, N., Suzuki, Y. & Iwasa, Y. (1984). Niche overlap of parasitoids in host parasitoid systems – its consequence to single versus multiple introduction controversy in biological control. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 115–131.
Khurana, A.D. & Batra, G.R. (1989). Bioefficacy and persistence of insecticides against Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt. ). Journal of Insect Science. 2 (2) : 139-145 Kulkarni, N. and Joshi, K.C. (1998). Botanical pesticides as future alternatives to chemical in forests insect management. SAIC Newsletter. 8 (1): 3.
Michaud, J.P. and B. Belliure. (2000). Consequences of founders aggregation in the brown citrus aphid. Toxoptera citricida. Ecol. Entomol. 25: 307‒314.
Moznette, G. F. (1915). The brown lacewing Hemerobius pacificus Banks. In, Second Biennial Crop Pest and Horticultural Report, 1913-1914.
Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station. Pp.181-183. New, T. R. (1989). Neuroptera. In, Minks, A. K. and Harewijn, P. (eds.) Aphids their biology, natural enemies and control. 'World Crop Pests', Research Institute for Plant Protection Publication, Elsevier, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Pp.249-258.
Niemczyk, E. (1988). Effectiveness of aphidophaga in apple orchards. In, Niemczyk, E and Dixon, A. F. G. (eds.). Academic Publishing. Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. Pp.215- 217.
Readshaw, J. L. (1973). The numerical response of predator to prey density. J. Appl. Ecol. 10: 342-345.
Roubinet, E., Straub, C., Jonsson, T., Staudacher, K., Traugott, M., Ekbom, B. and Jonsson, M. (2015). Additive effects of predator diversity on pest control caused by few interactions among predator species. Ecol. Entomol. 40: 362–371.
Sarwar, M. (2013). Studies on Incidence of Insect Pests (Aphids) and Their Natural Enemies in Canola Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) Crop Ecosystem. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences. 1 (5):78-84.
Singh, H., Gupta, D.S., Yadav, T.P. and Dhawan, K. (1980). Post harvest losses caused by aphid L. erysimi and Painted bug B. cruiciferarum to mustard. Haryana Agri. Univ. J. of Res. 10(3): 407-409.
Straub, C.S., Finke, D.L. and Snyder, W.E. (2008). Are the conservation of natural enemy biodiversity and biological control compatible goals? Biol Control. 45: 225–237.
Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D. and Greenstone, M. (2002). Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? Ann. Rev. Entomol. 47: 561- 595.
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Daane, K.M. and Hagen, K.S. (2000). Commercialization of predators: recent lessons from green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysoperla). American Entomologist. 46 (1): 26-38.
Tylianakis, J.M. and Romo, C.M. (2010). Natural enemy diversity and biological control: making sense of the context- dependency. Basic Appl. Ecol. 11: 657– 668.
Verma, K.D. (2000). Economically important aphids and their management, Pp. 144-162. In: Upadhyay, R.K., Mukherji, K.G. and Dubey, O.P. (eds). IPM System in Agriculture. Vol.7 Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Warwick, S.I., Francis, A. and Al-Shehbaz, I.A. (2006). Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Plant Syst. Evol. 259: 249-258.
Williams, F. X. (1927). The brown Australian Lacewings (Micromus vinaceus). Hawaiian Planterer's Record. 31: 146-149.
Winterton S.L., Hardy, N.B. and Wiegmann, B.M. (2010). On wings of lace: phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimates of Neuropterida (Insecta) based on morphological and molecular data. Systematic Entomology. 35(3): 349–378.
Published
2016-10-30
How to Cite
Dey, S., Sikdar, S., Ghose, T., & De, M. (2016). Study of the efficiency of Neuropteran predator, Hemerobius indicus Kimmins as potential biocontrol agent of notorious aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbuch) on Brassica campestris Linn. (cv. B-9). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 7, 21-31. Retrieved from https://qtanalytics.in/journals/index.php/IJERR/article/view/1372
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