A Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Study Of The Evaluation Between The Results by  Gracey Curette And Er,Cr:YSGG Laser On Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces

Debarati Bhowmick; Kushal Chatterjee; Pryabrata Mandal; Argha Rudra; Indrasri Das

doi:10.52756/ijerr.2023.v30.008

Debarati Bhowmick Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8970-8944
Kushal Chatterjee College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
Pryabrata Mandal Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Argha Rudra Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Indrasri Das Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v30.008

Keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, periodontal therapy, root planing, scaling

Abstract

People with chickenpox often gain lifelong immunity after one infection. In most cases, chickenpox's natural immunity provides significant protection against reinfection. However, patients with a second reinfection have been encountered periodically. Neither population-based nor individual data are available on the frequency of reported second Varicella infections among Indians. The possibility of third-time reinfection is very rare, even in reputed literature. Here, we discuss a 68-year-old patient with four reinfections of chickenpox. Two reputed dermatologists confirmed his infection, and he recovered fully with Acyclovir and bed rest. The primary objective of this case report is to highlight the risk of chickenpox reinfections and reinfections occurring more than two times.

References

Aoki, A., Ando, Y., Watanabe, H., & Ishikawa, I. (1994). In vitro studies on laser scaling of subgingival calculus with an erbium:YAG laser. J. Periodontol., 65(12), 1097-1106. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1097

Aoki, A., Miura, M., Akiyama, F., Nakagawa, N., Tanaka, J., Oda, S., Watanabe, H., & Ishikawa, I. (2000). In vitro evaluation of Er:YAG laser scaling of subgingival calculus in comparison with ultrasonic scaling. J. Periodontal Res., 35(5), 266-277. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035005266.x

Aoki, A., Sasaki, K.M., Watanabe, H., Ishikawa, I. (2004). Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000, 36, 59-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03679.x

Arora, S., Lamba, A.K., Faraz, F., Tandon, S., & Ahad, A. (2016). Evaluation of the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, ultrasonic scaler and curette on root surface profile using surface analyser and scanning electron microscope: an in vitro study. J. Lasers. Med. Sci., 7(4), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2016.43

Bertacci, A., Moro, D., Ulian, G., & Valdrè, G. (2021). In Vitro Comparison of Root Surface Treatment Effect between Root Scaling with Ultrasonic Inserts and Gracey Curette and Polishing with Different Cleaning Pastes. Appl. Sci., 11, 5967. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135967

Dean, B.D. (2010). Concepts in Laser Periodontal Therapy Using the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser. PennWell CE.

Dereci, Ö., Hatipoğlu, M., Sindel, A., Tozoğlu, S., & Üstün, K. (2016). The efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser supported periodontal therapy on the reduction of peridodontal disease related oral malodor: a randomized clinical study. Head Face Med., 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-016-0116-y

Eversole, L.R., & Rizoiu, I.M. (1995). Preliminary investigations on the utility of an erbium, chromium YSGG laser. J. Calif. Dent. Assoc., 23(12), 41-47.

Folwaczny, M., Mehl, A., Haffner, C., Benz, C., & Hickel, R. (2000). Root substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at different parameters using a new delivery system. J. Periodontol., 71(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.2.147

Frank, R.M., Fiore-Donno, G., & Cimasoni, G. (1983). Cementogenesis and soft tissue attachment after citric acid treatment in a human. An electron microscopic study. J. Periodontol., 54(7), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1983.54.7.389

Haghighati, F., & Arefi, V. (2002). A comparative study on the root surface demineralization using citric acid and tetracycline in vitro: A scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Acta Medica Iranica. 40(4), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.44090

Kelbauskiene, S., & Maciulskiene, V. (2007). A pilot study of Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with early and moderate periodontitis. Stomatologija, 9(1), 21-26.

Krause, F., Braun, A., Brede, O., Eberhard, J., Frentzen, M., & Jepsen, S. (2007). Evaluation of selective calculus removal by a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser in vitro. J. Clin. Periodontol., 34(1), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01026.x

Lavespere, J.E., Yukna, R.A., Rice, D.A., & LeBlanc, D.M. (1996). Root surface removal with diamond-coated ultrasonic instruments: an in vitro and SEM study. J. Periodontol., 67(12), 1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.12.1281

Poormoradi, B., Torkzaban, P., Gholami, L., Hooshyarfard, A., & Farhadian, M. (2018). Effect of Er,Cr (YSGG Laser Root Conditioning on the Success of Root Coverage with Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft): A Randomized Clinical Trial with a 6-Month Follow-Up. J. Dent (Tehran)., 15(4), 230-239.

Riaz, S., Ahmed, S., & Shabbir, S. (2022). Analysing root roughness and smear layer relationship by comparing contemporary dental curettes with conventional dental curettes: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Oral Health, 22, 237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02268-1

Schwarz, F., Sculean, A., Berakdar, M., Georg, T., Reich, E., & Becker, J. (2003a). Clinical evaluation of an Er:YAG laser combined with scaling and root planing for non-surgical periodontal treatment. A controlled, prospective clinical study. J. Clin. Periodontol., 30(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.300105.x

Schwarz, F., Sculean, A., Berakdar, M., Georg, T., Reich, E., & Becker, J. (2003b). Periodontal treatment with an Er:YAG laser or scaling and root planing. A 2-year follow-up split-mouth study. J. Periodontol., 74(5), 590-6. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.5.590

Tunar, O.L., Gursoy, H., Ozkan, K. E., & Kuru, B.E. (2021). A comparative evaluation of root surface biomodifcation with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, ethylene-di-aminetetraacetic acid gel, and titanium nitride curette: in vitro scanning electron microscope and proflometry analyses. Photobiomod Photomed Laser Surg., 39(12), 766–773. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0037

Ulian, G., Moro, D., & Valdrè, G. (2021). Hydroxylapatite and related minerals in bone and dental tissues: Structural, spectroscopic and mechanical properties from a computational perspective. Biomolecules, 11, 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11050728