A comparative physico-chemical, phytochemical and spectroscopic analysis of two medicinal plants belongs to Euphorbiaceae family: Acalypha indica L. and Euphorbia hirta L. growing in Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

Manna De; Lata Sharma

doi:10.52756/ijerr.2023.v32.018

Manna De Department of Botany, DR. CV Raman University, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G., India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-8146
Lata Sharma Department of Botany, DR. CV Raman University, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G., India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1742-9217

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v32.018

Keywords: Acalypha indica, bioactivity, Euphorbia hirta L., FTIR, GC-MS, phytochemicals

Abstract

Plants belong to Euphorbiaceae family, bearing enormous Medicinal potential due to the presence of various pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Now a days, with the help of various tools and techniques like FTIR, GCMS researchers are engaged to systematically find out various biologically active phytoconstituents. The present study investigated Acalypha indica L. and Euphorbia hirta L. leaf to establish the fact. Physico-chemical parameters of the experimental plants have been investigated. The result shows that Acalypha indica possesses maximum values on Swelling index, volatile matter, ash contents, fixed carbon, higher heat value, hydrogen content, oxygen content, carbon content, hemicellulose content, lignin content and extractive values. In contrast, the percentage composition of bulk density, carbon content, and nitrogen content is higher in Euphorbia hirta. In the present investigation, the FTIR analysis reveals that Acalypha indica L. possessed different chemical classes like Sulfoxide, Alkene, Carbon Dioxide, Alkane, Alcohol etc., whereas FTIR analysis reveals the presence Alkene, Secondary Alcohol, Conjugated Alkene, Carbon Dioxide, Alkene, Alcohol in Euphorbia hirta L. The methanolic leaf extracts of two different plants have been screened through GC-MS, revealing many important bioactive phytoconstituents. Acalypha indica L. possesses Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl-, cis-2,4-dimethylamine, S, S-dioxide, 1- nonadecanamine, n, n-dimethyl-, tridecane, 2,2,4,10,12,12-hexamethyl-7-(3,5,5-trimethylsilyl)-, dodecane, 1-fluoro-, whereas, Euphorbia hirta L. possesses myo- inositol, 4-c-methyl-, z,z-6,28-heptatriactontadien-2-one, phytylpalmitate, hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl-, 4-tert-octylphenol, TMS derivative. Both these plants have chemical substances that have proven bioactivity in human welfare. The GC-MS of leaf methanolic extract reveals that the phytochemical cis-2,4-dimethylthiane, S, S-dioxide have Anticancer (stomach) activities, 1-nonadecanamine, N, N-dimethyl bears Antitumor (nasopharynx) activities, myo-inositol, 4-C- methyl bearing Myo-neuro-stimulant activities and Z, Z-6,28-heptatriactontadien-2-one having Increase zinc bioavailability activities. These activities of individual phytoconstituents have been proven through Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethno-botanical Databases: U.S. Department of Agriculture. This information might be helpful to the pharmacologists, chemists, etc., for future novel drug discovery.

References

Acharya, C. K. (2015). Ethnic uses and Conservation Practices of Some Plants with Major Medicinal Potential by the Tribal Community in India. International Journal of Life Sciences, 9(6),1 – 7. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i6.13435

Acharya, C.K. (2016). Ethnicity and Scientific validation of West Bengal Amla Phyllanthus emblica L.) with special reference to GC-MS screening. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 3, 51- 59. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3922.3440

Acharya, C.K.(2016). Screening of phyto-constituents of West Bengal Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Comparative enumeration, Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 6, 21-24.

Acharya, C.K., Khan, N.S, Madhu N.R., & Guha, P. (2021b). Improved Reproductive Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.) on Testis of Male Swiss Mice and a Pilot Study of its Potential Values. Int. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 10(4),7-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijfans_34_21

Acharya, CK., Khan, N.S., & Madhu, NR. (2021a). Medicinal uses of Amla, Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.): A Prospective Review. Mukt Shabd Journal, 10(10), 296-310.

Alam, S., Sarker, M.M.R., Sultana, T.N., Chowdhury, M.N.R., Rashid, M.A., Chaity, N.I., Zhao, C., Xiao, J., Hafez, E.E., Khan, S.A., & Mohamed, I.N. (2022). Antidiabetic Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Prospective Candidates for New Drug Discovery and Development. Front. Endocrinol.,13, 800714. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.800714

ASTM, D. (1989). Standards test method for volatile matter in the analysis sample of coal and coke, in: Gaseous Fuels, Coal and Coke, 5, 305.

Balamurugan, V., Sheerin, F.M.A., & Sreenithi, V. (2019). A guide to phytochemical analysis, IJARIIE. pp. 5

Bedon, E., & Hatfield, G.M. (1982). An investigation of the antiviral activities of Podophyllum Peltatun. Lloydia, 45, 725. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50024a015

Eljounaidi, K., & Lichman, B.R. (2020). Nature's Chemists: The Discovery and Engineering of Phytochemical Biosynthesis. Front. Chem., 8, 596479. http://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.596479

Ezikanyi, D.N, & Lilian, A.C. (2021). Studies on proximate and phytochemical constituents of Euphorbia hirta L. and Mucuna pruriens Seed Var. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), 11(12), 17-22

Iskandar, B., Lukman, A., Syaputra, S., Al-Abrori, U.N.H., Surboyo, M.D.C., & Lee, C.K. (2021). Formulation, characteristics and anti-bacterial effects of Euphorbia hirta L. mouthwash. J. Taibah. Univ. Med. Sci., 17(2), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.009.

Jain, V., Dudhal, A., Chitali, R., & Bankar, P. (2021). A Survey of some medicinally important plants of the family Euphorbiaceae from Baramati area of Pune district of Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Botany studies, 6(4), 456-462.

Junaid, R.S., & Patil, M.K., (2020). Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2), 603-608. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2i.8834

Ma, Y., Dias, M.C., & Freitas, H. (2020) Drought and Salinity Stress Responses and Microbe-Induced Tolerance in Plants. Front. Plant Sci., 11, 591911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.591911

Md. Shahidul, I., Hasnat, A., KaziIstiaq, A., & Md. Mayin, U. (2019). A review on medicinal uses of different plants of Euphorbiaceae family. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(1), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v4i1.236

Mohan, C., Dinakar, S., Anand, T., Elayaraja, R., & Sathiya, P.B. (2012). Phytochemical, GC-MS analysis and Antibacterial activity of a Medicinal Plant Acalypha indica. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research, 4(3),1050-1054.

Mondal, R., Arvind, N., & Manish, M. (2021), Acalypha indica – a boon to mankind. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(3), 764-798. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20213-19890

Nazril, N., Hazali, H., Ibrahim, M., Masri, M. & Ayob, M. (2016). Preliminary studies on Acalypha indica: Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(3), 406-408

Ogbuagu, E., Ogbuagu, U., Prince, C.U., Ifeoma, N.N., & Augustine, I.A. (2020). Qualitative Determination of the Phytochemical Composition of Ethanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit, Asian Journal of Medical Principles and Clinical Practice, 3(4), 45-52.

Sahira, B.K., & Cathrine, L. (2015). General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IJARCS), 2(4), 25-32.

Sarkar, B., & Madhu, N.R. (2017). Knowledge of traditional medicines and practices used for reproductive health problems. Review article. UGC-sponsored National Seminar on “Medicinal Plants, Health and Environment. (Edn. 1) Nectar Publisher, Kolkata. pp. 45-47.

Sarkar, B., Biswas, P., Achaya, C.K., Ghorai, S.K., Nahar, N., Jana, S.K., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, D., Behera, B., & Madhu, N.R. (2021). Knowledge of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants for the Management of COPD. Chettinad Health City Medical Journal, 10(4),184-189.

Sarkar, B., Bhattacharya, P., Chen,C.Y., Maity, J.P., & Biswas, T. (2022). A comprehensive characterization and therapeutic properties in ripened Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia L.). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 29, 10-32. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2022.v29.00

Silva, G.O., Abeysundara, A.T., & Aponso, M.M. (2017). Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products, 5(2), 29-32.

Singh, V., & Kumar, R. (2017), Study of Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Allium sativum of Bundelkhand Region. International Journal of Life Sciences Scientific Research, 3(6),1451-1458.

Thakur, H.A., & Patil, D.A. (2011). Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Assessment of the Euphorbiaceae: A Review. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(3), 37-46.