Effectiveness of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and quality of life in cotton industry workers
Abstract
Cotton sector workers are more likely to be exposed to the dust of cotton, leading to acute and chronic respiratory diseases, including chest tightness, bronchoconstriction, and occupational pulmonary disease. Physical exercise includes strengthening inspiratory muscles and training a larger muscle group, crucial to increase pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and cardiorespiratory endurance. To assess whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with aerobic exercise provides additional benefits in cotton workers to increase lung function and quality of life. A single-blinded interventional study performed at Angle Fibres Pvt. Ltd. cotton industry. One hundred (100) male workers based on enclosure criteria were randomly included and equally alienated into group A: Experimental (IMT + Aerobic Exercise) and group B: Control (Aerobic Exercise). Both groups received the supervised treatment four times each week for four weeks. Pulmonary function and excellence of life were measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 1 year follow-up. An Independent t-test was used for baseline comparisons. Repeated measures Multivariate ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis within and between group comparisons. No significant difference existed at the baseline. All the outcomes in each group demonstrated statistically significant differences. Among both groups, there was a statistically significance difference (p<0.05) in experimental group outcome measures FVC (p=0.03), FEV1 (p=0.02), FEV1/FVC (p=0.04) PEFR (p=0.01) and SGRQ score (p=0.03). In addition to aerobic exercise, respiratory muscle training is essential to pulmonary rehabilitation for improving lung function and quality of life for those employed in this cotton industry.
References
Bhakta, N. R., Bime, C., Kaminsky, D. A., McCormack, M. C., Thakur, N., Stanojevic, S., Aaron, D. B., Lundy, B., Stephanie, L.D., Rosemary, A., Jonathan, W., Robert, A. W., Sean, D. L., Robert, B., Erick, F., Robyn, T. C., Meshell, J., John, B., Yolanda, M., Cathryn, T. L., Refiloe, M., Daniel, J. W., Charlie, G. I., Erik, R. S., Margaret, R., Richard, M. S., Anurag, A., Enid, N., Juan, P. W., Victor, E. O., Peter, B., & Burney, P. (2023). Race and ethnicity in pulmonary function test interpretation: an official American Thoracic Society Statement. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(8), 978-995. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202302-0310ST
Boaventura, P., Jaconiano, S., & Ribeiro, F. (2022). Yoga and Qigong for health: two sides of the same coin? Behavioral Sciences, 12(7), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070222
Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and science in sports and Exercise, 14(5), 377-381.
https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
Christiani, D. C., Wang, X. R., Pan, L. D., Zhang, H. X., Sun, B. X., Dai, H., Ellen, A.I., Wegman, D.H., & Olenchock, S. A. (2001). Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in cotton textile workers: a 15-yr follow-up study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 163(4), 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2006063
Constant, J. (1982). Reviews of Contemporary Laboratory Methods. Chest, 81(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-3692(15)33768-5
Ezema, C. I., Nwafulume, C. K., Chigozie Uchenwoke, C. C., Anyachukwu, J. A. D., Nweke, M., & Eneh, O. C. (2022). Cardiopulmonary function, quality of life, musculoskeletal pain and serum lead level of welders in Enugu, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 7, 4. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.74.21
Goodall, S., Twomey, R., Amann, M., Ross, E. Z., Lovering, A. T., Romer, L. M., Subudhi, A.W.,& Roach, R. C. (2014). Altitude Omics: exercise‐induced supraspinal fatigue is attenuated in healthy humans after acclimatization to high altitude. Acta physiologica, 210(4), 875-888. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12241
Hill, K., Cecins, N. M., Eastwood, P. R., & Jenkins, S. C. (2010). Inspiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a practical guide for clinicians. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(9), 1466-1470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.010
Hoy, R., Burdon, J., Chen, L., Miles, S., Perret, J. L., Prasad, S., Radhakrishna, N., Rimmer, J., Sim, M.R., Yates, D., & Zosky, G. (2020). Work‐related asthma: A position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the National Asthma Council Australia. Respirology, 25(11), 1183-1192.
https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13951
Irwin, S., & Tecklin, J. S. (2004). Cardiopulmonary physical therapy: A guide to practice. Mosby. p496. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044306614-6.50003-X
Jones, P. W. (2001). Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 56(11), 880-887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.11.880
Jones, P. W., Quirk, F. H., Baveystock, C. M., & Littlejohns, P. (1992). A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 145(6), 1321-1327. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/145.6.1321
Kaur, J., Machado, T. M., Alvarez, A., Krishnan, A. C., Hanna, H. W., Altamimi, Y. H., ... & O'Leary, D. S. (2015). Muscle metaboreflex activation during dynamic exercise vasoconstricts ischemic active skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 309(12), H2145-H2151. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00679.2015
Khant, A., Soni, N., & Rathod, P. (2017). Pulmonary Function Response to Aerobic Exercise in Cotton Industry Workers. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 11(4), 162. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-5674.2017.00139.3
Lestari, M., Fujianti, P., Novrikasari, N., & Nandini, R. F. (2023). Dust Exposure and Lung Function Disorders. Respiratory Science, 3(3), 218-230. https://doi.org/10.36497/respirsci.v3i3.80
Meek, P. M. (1999). Dyspnea mechanisms, assessment, and management: a consensus statement. Am. J. Respi.r Crit. Care Med., 159, 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.1.ats898
Mekonnen, T. H., Dessie, A., & Tesfaye, A. H. (2021). Respiratory symptoms related to flour dust exposure are significantly high among small and medium scale flour mill workers in Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional survey. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-021-01019-y
Pellegrino, R., Viegi, G., Brusasco, V., Crapo, R. O., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R. E. A., ... & Wanger, J. (2005). Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. European Respiratory Journal, 26(5), 948-968.
https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00035205
Ramírez-Sarmiento, A., Orozco-Levi, M., Guell, R., Barreiro, E., Hernandez, N., Mota, S., ... & Gea, J. (2002). Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: structural adaptation and physiologic outcomes. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(11), 1491-1497. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200202-075OC
Rao, K. P., Srinivasarao, C., & Sumangali, P. (2013). A study of pulmonary function test in cotton mill workers of Guntur district. Bull. Pharm. Med. Sci., 1, 206-9.
Redlich, C. A., Tarlo, S. M., Hankinson, J. L., Townsend, M. C., Eschenbacher, W. L., Von Essen, S. G., ... & Weissman, D. N. (2014). Official American Thoracic Society technical standards: spirometry in the occupational setting. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 189(8), 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201402-0337ST
Saleem, I., Ali, Z., & Hussain, H. (2021). respiratory health implications among wet-blue leather tannery workers of Kasur. CMUJ. Nat. Sci., 20(3), e2021058.
https://doi.org/10.12982/CMUJNS.2021.058
Wang, X. R., Zhang, H. X., Sun, B. X., Dai, H. L., Hang, J. Q., Eisen, E. A., ... & Christiani, D. C. (2005). A 20-year follow-up study on chronic respiratory effects of exposure to cotton dust. European Respiratory Journal, 26(5), 881-886. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00125604
Wanke, T. D. H. M., Formanek, D., Lahrmann, H., Brath, H., Wild, M., Wagner, C., & Zwick, H. (1994). Effects of combined inspiratory muscle and cycle ergometer training on exercise performance in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 7(12), 2205-2211. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07122205
Copyright (c) 2023 International Academic Publishing House (IAPH)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
