Study on the toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extracts as phytopiscicide on three life stages of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) with special reference to their ethological responses
Keywords:
Acute toxicity, ethological responses, neem, Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract
Acute toxicity of leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on three different stages of fresh water weed fish Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated in the present study. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values for O. mossambicus fry were 3.29, 2.62, 2.19 and 1.67 g/l respectively. These values were 4.96, 3.56, 2.74, 2.27 g/l and 7.58, 7.00, 6.28, 5.83 g/l for juvenile and adult fish respectively. Toxicity factor values of the toxicant to the fish irrespective of stage were increased with the time of exposure. During the study, ethological changes in the adult fish exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations of the toxicant (10 and 20% of 96h LC50) were also observed. It showed an alteration in behaviour pattern with the increasing concentration of the neem leaf extracts and time of exposure.
References
Al-Kahem, H. F. (1995). Behavioural responses and changes in some haematological parameters of the cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to trivalent chromium. JKAU: Sci. 7: 5-13.
APHA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), 21st Ed. Washington DC.
Ashraf, M. M., Ayub, M., Sajjad, T., Elahi, N., Ali, I. and Ahmed, Z. (2010). Replacement of rotenone by locally grown herbal extracts. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12: 77-80.
Ayoola, S. O., Kuton, M. P., Idowu, A.A. and Adelekun, A. B. (2011). Acute toxicity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles exposed to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ipomoea aquatica leaf. Nature and Science. 9(3): 91-99.
Chapman, G. A. (1978). Toxicities of Cd, Cu and Zn to four juvenile stages of Chinook salmon and steel head. Tran. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(6): 841-847.
Cruz, C., Machado-Neto, J. G., Menezes, M. L. (2004). Toxicidade aguda do inseticida Pration metilico e do biopesticida azadiractina de folhas de neem (Azadirachta indica) para alevino e juvenil de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pesticidas: R.Ecotoxicol. e Meio Ambiente. 14: 92- 102.
Das, B. K., Mukherjee, S.C. and Murjani, O. (2002). Acute toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica) in Indian major carps. J. Aquac. Trop. 17: 23–33.
Dede, E. B. and Kaglo, H. D. (2001). Aquatoxicology effects of water soluble fraction (WSF) of diesel fuel on Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. J. appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 5: 93-96.
Don-Pedro, K. N. (1996). Investigation of single and joint fumigal insecticidal action of citrus peel oil components. Pesticides Science. 46: 79-84.
Doving, K. B. (1992) Assessment of animal behaviour as method to indicate environmental toxicity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100: 247-252.
Ecobichon, D. J. (1991). Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology- The basic science of poisons (Ed. Amdur et al.). 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. Pp. 565- 622.
Fafioye, O. O. (2012). Acute and sub-acute toxicities of five plant extracts on white tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas). International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 2(13): 525-530.
Ganesh, N., Gupta, T. R. C., Katti, R. J. and Udupa, K.S. (2000). Acute toxicity of copper on three life stages of common carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Poll. Res. 19(1): 91-93.
Henery, M. G. and Atchison, G. J. (1986). Influence of social ranks on the behaviour of blue gills exposed to copper. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 115: 580-595.
Isman, M. B., Koul, O., Luczyski, A., Kaminski, J. (1990). Insecticidal and antifeedant bioactivities of neem oils and their relationship to azadirachtin content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 1406–1411.
Luo, X., Ma, Y., Wu, S. and Wu, D. (1999). Two novel azadirachtin derivates from Azadirachta indica. Journal of Natural Products. 62: 1022-1024.
Martinez, S. O. (2002). NIM-Azadirachta indica: natureza, usos múltiplose produção. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Londrina, PR. Mason, C. F. (1992). Biology of freshwater pollution, 2nd edn., Longman Scientific and Technical. Omoregie, E., Okpanachi, M. A. (1992). Growth of Tilapia zilli exposed to sublethal concentrations of crude extracts of Azadirachta indica. Acta Hydrobiol. 34: 281–286.
Omoregie, E., Okpanachi, M.A. (1997). Acute toxicity of water extracts of bark of the Neem plant, Azadirachta indica (Lodd) to the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais). Acta Hydrobiol. 39: 47–51.
Sharma, A. and Sharma, M. S. (1995). Acute toxicity of zinc to certain developmental stages of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). J. Environ. Biol. 16(2): 157-162.
Sprague, J. B. (1975). Measurement of pollution toxicity to fish. In. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Res. 3: 346-349.
Suterlin, A. M. (1974). Pollutants and chemicals of aquatic animals’ perspective. Chem. Senses. Flavour. 1: 167-178.
APHA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), 21st Ed. Washington DC.
Ashraf, M. M., Ayub, M., Sajjad, T., Elahi, N., Ali, I. and Ahmed, Z. (2010). Replacement of rotenone by locally grown herbal extracts. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12: 77-80.
Ayoola, S. O., Kuton, M. P., Idowu, A.A. and Adelekun, A. B. (2011). Acute toxicity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles exposed to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ipomoea aquatica leaf. Nature and Science. 9(3): 91-99.
Chapman, G. A. (1978). Toxicities of Cd, Cu and Zn to four juvenile stages of Chinook salmon and steel head. Tran. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(6): 841-847.
Cruz, C., Machado-Neto, J. G., Menezes, M. L. (2004). Toxicidade aguda do inseticida Pration metilico e do biopesticida azadiractina de folhas de neem (Azadirachta indica) para alevino e juvenil de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pesticidas: R.Ecotoxicol. e Meio Ambiente. 14: 92- 102.
Das, B. K., Mukherjee, S.C. and Murjani, O. (2002). Acute toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica) in Indian major carps. J. Aquac. Trop. 17: 23–33.
Dede, E. B. and Kaglo, H. D. (2001). Aquatoxicology effects of water soluble fraction (WSF) of diesel fuel on Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. J. appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 5: 93-96.
Don-Pedro, K. N. (1996). Investigation of single and joint fumigal insecticidal action of citrus peel oil components. Pesticides Science. 46: 79-84.
Doving, K. B. (1992) Assessment of animal behaviour as method to indicate environmental toxicity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100: 247-252.
Ecobichon, D. J. (1991). Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology- The basic science of poisons (Ed. Amdur et al.). 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. Pp. 565- 622.
Fafioye, O. O. (2012). Acute and sub-acute toxicities of five plant extracts on white tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas). International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 2(13): 525-530.
Ganesh, N., Gupta, T. R. C., Katti, R. J. and Udupa, K.S. (2000). Acute toxicity of copper on three life stages of common carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Poll. Res. 19(1): 91-93.
Henery, M. G. and Atchison, G. J. (1986). Influence of social ranks on the behaviour of blue gills exposed to copper. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 115: 580-595.
Isman, M. B., Koul, O., Luczyski, A., Kaminski, J. (1990). Insecticidal and antifeedant bioactivities of neem oils and their relationship to azadirachtin content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 1406–1411.
Luo, X., Ma, Y., Wu, S. and Wu, D. (1999). Two novel azadirachtin derivates from Azadirachta indica. Journal of Natural Products. 62: 1022-1024.
Martinez, S. O. (2002). NIM-Azadirachta indica: natureza, usos múltiplose produção. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Londrina, PR. Mason, C. F. (1992). Biology of freshwater pollution, 2nd edn., Longman Scientific and Technical. Omoregie, E., Okpanachi, M. A. (1992). Growth of Tilapia zilli exposed to sublethal concentrations of crude extracts of Azadirachta indica. Acta Hydrobiol. 34: 281–286.
Omoregie, E., Okpanachi, M.A. (1997). Acute toxicity of water extracts of bark of the Neem plant, Azadirachta indica (Lodd) to the cichlid Tilapia zillii (Gervais). Acta Hydrobiol. 39: 47–51.
Sharma, A. and Sharma, M. S. (1995). Acute toxicity of zinc to certain developmental stages of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). J. Environ. Biol. 16(2): 157-162.
Sprague, J. B. (1975). Measurement of pollution toxicity to fish. In. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Res. 3: 346-349.
Suterlin, A. M. (1974). Pollutants and chemicals of aquatic animals’ perspective. Chem. Senses. Flavour. 1: 167-178.
Published
2016-02-28
How to Cite
Dhara, K., Biswas, S., & Karmakar, S. (2016). Study on the toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extracts as phytopiscicide on three life stages of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) with special reference to their ethological responses. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 3, 7-13. Retrieved from https://qtanalytics.in/journals/index.php/IJERR/article/view/1348
Issue
Section
Articles
